Labour Day
Labour Day (Labor Day in the United States) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements of workers. Labour Day has its origins in the labour union movement, specifically the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest.
For most countries, Labour Day is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. For other countries, Labour Day is celebrated on a different date, often one with special significance for the labour movement in that country. Labour Day is a public holiday in many countries.
International Workers' Day
For most countries, "Labour Day" is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. Some countries vary the actual date of their celebrations so that the holiday occurs on a Monday close to 1 May.
Some countries have a holiday at or around this date, but it is not a 'Labour day' celebration.
Other dates
Australia
Labour Day in Australia is a public holiday on dates which vary between states and territories.
It is the first Monday in October in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and South Australia.
In Victoria and Tasmania, it is the second Monday in March (though the latter calls it Eight Hours Day).
In Western Australia, Labour Day is the first Monday in March.
In Queensland and the Northern Territory, Labour Day occurs on the first Monday in May (though the latter calls it May Day).[1]
It is on the fourth Monday of March in the territory of Christmas Island.
The first march for an eight-hour day by the labour movement occurred in Melbourne on 21 April 1856.[2] On this day stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne stopped work and marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. Their direct action protest was a success, and they are noted as being among the first organised workers in the world to achieve an 8-hour day, with no loss of pay.[3]
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, an organization working for the welfare of garment workers, has requested that 24 April be declared Labour Safety Day in Bangladesh, in memory of the victims of the Rana Plaza building collapse.[4][5]
Bahamas
Labour Day is a national holiday in the Bahamas, celebrated on the first Friday in June in order to create a long weekend for workers.[6] The traditional date of Labour Day in the Bahamas, however, is 7 June, in commemoration of a significant workers' strike that began on that day in 1942. Labour Day is meant to honor and celebrate workers and the importance of their contributions to the nation and society. In the capital city, Nassau, thousands of people come to watch a parade through the streets, which begins at mid-morning. Bands in colorful uniforms, traditional African junkanoo performers, and members of various labour unions and political parties are all part of the procession, which ends up at the Southern Recreation Grounds, where government officials make speeches for the occasion. For many residents and visitors to the Bahamas, the afternoon of Labour Day is a time to relax at home or perhaps visit the beach.[citation needed]
Canada
Labour Day (French: Fête du Travail) has been marked as a statutory public holiday in Canada on the first Monday in September since 1894. However, the origins of Labour Day in Canada can be traced back to numerous local demonstrations and celebrations in earlier decades.[7] Such events assumed political significance in 1872, when a labour demonstration in Toronto in April 1872, in support of striking printers, led directly to the enactment of the Trade Union Act, a law that confirmed the legality of unions. Ten years later, on 22 July 1882, a huge labour celebration in Toronto attracted the attention of the American labour leader Peter J. McGuire, who organized a similar parade in New York City on 5 September that year. Unions associated with the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor in both Canada and the United States subsequently promoted parades and festivals on the first Monday in September. In Canada, local celebrations took place in Hamilton, Oshawa, Montreal, St Catharines, Halifax, Ottawa, Vancouver and London during these years. Montreal declared a civic holiday in 1889. In Nova Scotia, coal miners had been holding picnics and parades since 1880 to celebrate the anniversary of their union, the Provincial Workmen's Association, first organized in 1879. In addition, in 1889, the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labor and Capital in Canada recommended recognition of an official "labour day" by the federal government. In March and April 1894, unions lobbied Parliament to recognize Labour Day as a public holiday. Legislation was introduced in May by Prime Minister Sir John Thompson and received royal assent in July 1894.[8]
Iran
Rasoul Taleb Moghaddam, a member of syndicate of Tehran's bus drivers, received 74 lashes, the Syndicate of Workers of Tehran and Suburbs Bus Company reported on 1 June 2020. Moghaddam was among a dozen workers arrested in a rally celebrating worker's day on 1 May 2019. Moghadam has been sentenced to 74 lashes and two years in prison.[9][10]
Jamaica
Before 1961, 24 May was celebrated in Jamaica as Empire Day in honour of the birthday of Queen Victoria and her emancipation of slaves in Jamaica.[11] As its name suggests, the day was used to celebrate the British Empire, complete with flag-raising ceremonies and the singing of patriotic songs. In 1961, Jamaican Chief Minister Norman Washington Manley proposed the replacement of Empire Day with Labour Day, a celebration in commemoration of 23 May 1938, when Alexander Bustamante led a labour rebellion leading to Jamaican independence.
In 1972, Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley promoted Labour Day as a showcase for the importance of labour to the development of Jamaica, and a day of voluntary community participation to beneficial projects.[11] Since then, Labour Day has been not only a public holiday but also a day of mass community involvement around the country.
Japan
In Japan, Labour Day is officially conflated with Thanksgiving on 23 November, as Labor Thanksgiving Day.[12]
Kazakhstan
Labor Day in Kazakhstan is celebrated on the last Sunday in September. The holiday was officially established in late 2013. In 1995, the government of Kazakhstan replaced International Workers' Day with Kazakhstan People's Unity Day. Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev also instituted a special medal that is awarded to veterans of labor on the occasion of the holiday. Labor Day it is widely celebrated across the country with official speeches, award ceremonies, cultural events, etc. It is a non-working holiday for most citizens of Kazakhstan because it always falls on a weekend.[13]
New Zealand
In New Zealand, Labour Day is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October.[14] Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. The first Labour Day in New Zealand was celebrated on October 28, 1890, which marked the first anniversary of the Maritime Council.[15]
The event was then celebrated annually in late October as either Labour Day or Eight-Hour Demonstration Day.[citation needed] In 1899, the government legislated that the day be a public holiday through the Labour Day Act of 1899.[15] The day was celebrated on different days in different provinces. This led to ship owners complaining that seamen were taking excessive holidays by having one Labour Day in one port then another in their next port. In 1910, the government stipulated that the holiday would be observed on the same day throughout the nation.[citation needed]
Singapore
Spain
Trinidad and Tobago
In Trinidad and Tobago, Labour Day is celebrated every 19 June. This holiday was proposed in 1973[16] to be commemorated on the anniversary of the 1937 Butler labour riots.
United States
In the United States, Labor Day is a federal holiday observed on the first Monday of September. It is customarily viewed as the end of the summer vacation season.[17] Many schools open for the year on the day after Labor Day.[18]
References
- ^ "Australian Government: National Public Holidays". australia.gov.au. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
- ^ "Australian Public Holidays: Labour Day". alldownunder.com. 1998. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
- ^ Lewis, Wendy; Balderstone, Simon; Bowman, John (2006). Events that Shaped Australia. New Holland Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-74110-492-9. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
- ^ "Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on". Deutsche Welle. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
- ^ "Bangladesh Official Public Holidays". Official Public Holidays. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ "Holidays in The Bahamas in 2015". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ Gagnon, Marc-André. "Labour Day in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 September2020.
- ^ Heron, Craig; Penfold, Steve (2005). The Workers' Festival: A History of Labour Day in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 31–38. ISBN 0-8020-4886-2.
- ^ "Labor Rights Activist Receives 74 Lashes In Tehran's Notorious Prison". Radio Farda. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Iranian Labor Activist Flogged, Detained for Celebrating May Day
- ^ a b "History of Labour Day". National Labour Day 2008. Jamaica Information Service. Archived from the original on 10 September 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ Miller, Adam (22 November 2011). "Labor Thanksgiving Day – 勤労感謝の日". Axiom Magazine. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ "Labor Day in Kazakhstan / September 24, 2017". AnydayGuide. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "First Labour Day celebrations". NZHistory. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ a b "Labour Day". NZ History online. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
- ^ Trinidad and Tobago Labour Day Archived 7 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Johnson, Yelena. Labor Day End of Summer White Party, Celebrations.com. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
- ^ Helderman, Rosalind S. "Issues That Matter to You: School Start After Labor Day"; The Washington Post, 6 September 2009.
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