Sunday, December 7, 2025

Robert B. Reich Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America 2025

동아시아의 평화와 화해 - Robert B. Reich


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Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America   2025
by Robert B Reich (Author)
4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars (627)


#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER - From political economist, cabinet member, beloved professor, media presence, and bestselling author of Saving Capitalism and The Common Good, a deeply felt, compelling memoir of growing up in a baby-boom America that made progress in certain areas, fell short in so many important ways, and still has lots of work to do

"Important and galvanizing." --Senator Bernie Sanders

"Essential reading for understanding this moment in American history."
--Molly Jong-Fast, New York Times bestselling author of How to Lose Your Mother

A thought-provoking, principled, clear-eyed chronicle of the culture, politics, and economic choices that have landed us where we are today--with irresponsible economic bullies and corporations with immense wealth and lobbying power on top, demagogues on the rise, and increasing inequality fueling anger and hatred across the country.

Nine months after World War II, Robert Reich was born into a united America with a bright future--which went unrealized for so many as big money took over our democracy. His encounter with school bullies on account of his height--4'11" as an adult--set him on a determined path to spend his life fighting American bullies of every sort. He recounts the death of a friend in the civil rights movement; his political coming of age witnessing the Berkeley free speech movement; working for Bobby Kennedy and Senator Eugene McCarthy; experiencing a country torn apart by the Vietnam War; meeting Hillary Rodham in college, Bill Clinton at Oxford, and Clarence Thomas at Yale Law. He details his friendship with John Kenneth Galbraith during his time teaching at Harvard, and subsequent friendships with Bernie Sanders and Ted Kennedy; and his efforts as labor secretary for Clinton and economic advisor to Barack Obama. Ultimately, Reich asks: What did his generation accomplish? Did they make America better, more inclusive, more tolerant? Did they strengthen democracy? Or did they come up short?

Reich hardly abandons us to despair over a doomed democracy. With characteristic spirit and humor, he lays out how we can reclaim a sense of community and a democratic capitalism based on the American ideals we still have the power to salvage.
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Review
"As bullied as [Reich] was, he never became a bully. He has dedicated his life to promoting fairness, not revenge....His numerous books have a moral center because he has a moral center.... Reich has been remarkably prescient, regularly warning about the dangers of inequality and the perils posed by a financial industry run amok....Over the last four decades, Reich has seen what happens when his colleagues succumb to complacency, presuming that everything will be just fine in the long run....Even though this book is billed as a memoir, it's ultimately a call to action."
--Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times
"I am a big fan of Robert Reich. He is the rare academic who addresses the real problems facing America and fights to fix an economic system propelled by uncontrollable greed and contempt for human decency. He has used every position and platform at his disposal to reverse the unbridled pursuit of power and profit by the ultra-wealthy at the expense of working people. We would all do well to follow his example. Coming Up Short, an important and galvanizing account of a life dedicated to public service, is a good place to start."
--Senator Bernie Sanders
"In Coming Up Short, the former adviser to multiple presidents lays out all that's wrong with the country and how we might get back on track....A full-throated...rallying cry to get things back to where they belong."
--The Washington Post
"Being bullied as a child helped Robert Reich become a champion for the little guy. As Secretary of Labor, political economist, and public intellectual, he has called out the bullies, demagogues, and oligarchs who exploit working people and now threaten to subvert democracy. With characteristic wit and verve, Reich's thoroughly absorbing memoir shows how his generation fell short in achieving a just society, and how the next generation can do better."
--Michael Sandel, author of The Tyranny of Merit
"Robert Reich is one of the most important political thinkers and activists of our time, and Coming Up Short is essential reading for understanding this moment in American history."
--Molly Jong-Fast, New York Times bestselling author of How to Lose Your Mother
"What Reich self-deprecatingly claims he lacks in physical stature, he more than makes up for in moral standing and civic pride . . . . Reich's memoir is both economic treatise and political reckoning, stemming from a deep love of country and commitment to progress, in pursuit of doing what's right as opposed to what is popular or expedient . . . . Clear-eyed and critical, Reich's assessment of where America is headed is both sobering and, characteristically, hopeful."
--Booklist, *starred review*
"In this passionate political memoir, Reich, former U.S. secretary of labor under Bill Clinton, calls on Democrats to refocus on the working class . . . . Along the way, he works in piquant sketches of political figures.... Reich's arguments are convincing . . . . A perceptive insider's account of Democratic disarray."
--Publishers Weekly

"A sharply pointed chronicle of a society that, Reich laments, gladly tolerates the strong brutalizing the weak."
--Kirkus Reviews

"Highly recommended for readers concerned about the nation's future and the world that will be left to the next generation."
--Library Journal

About the Author
ROBERT B. REICH recently retired as Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley. He has served in three presidential administrations, Republican and Democrat, as Secretary of Labor under Bill Clinton, and has written eighteen books, including The Work of Nations (translated into twenty-two languages) and the bestsellers The Common Good, Saving Capitalism, and Locked in the Cabinet. His articles have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. He is a columnist for Newsweek and The Guardian, and writes a daily newsletter at https: //robertreich.substack.com/. He is co-creator of the award-winning film Inequality for All and the Netflix original Saving Capitalism, and co-founder of Inequality Media. He lives in Berkeley.


Product details
Publisher ‏ : ‎ Knopf Publishing Group
Publication date ‏ : ‎ 5 August 2025
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Print length ‏ : ‎ 416 pages
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Ken
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August 20, 2025
Billed as a memoir, Coming Up Short is also a political tract and a plea. It's the type of book where you constantly feel the urge to quote excerpts, thinking to yourself, "Great point!" or "This is exactly how I feel!" or "I never knew that, but now I see how things have come to be as rotten as they presently are!" All good feelings (despite being about odious things).

The "call to action" finish features short chapters with such titles as "Rejecting 'Both-sides-ism'," "Refusing Dr. Phil," "Restoring Democratic Capitalism," "Reclaiming Patriotism," "Creating 'We' Workplaces," "Sharing the Profits," "Making Community Count," "Recirculating Stuff," "Leading America," "Making Society Healthy," and "Watching the Moneyed Class Get Run Over."

Unlike many of his contemporaries, Reich hasn't drifted or much changed in his core beliefs. He's never fallen prey to the "get rich quick and the devil take the hindmost -- read: the vast majority of Americans" like so many other politicians, bought and paid for, have. He points out that Trump's culture wars and emphasis on immigrants, crime, DEI, etc., are really a smoke screen for the fact that most of his moves are made to make himself and his fellow 1%ers rich and richer still. As for common Americans, he's all about their votes only, period. End of story.

As an example of the many great points he makes throughout this book, there's his charges against the media, including liberal media, which is intent on "both side-isms":

"More of our ablest journalists must be willing and able to tell America the truth and their bosses must allow them to do so. It is not 'partisan' to explain what Trump and his anti-democracy movement are seeking. It is not 'taking sides' to point out that the Trump Republicans are trying to establish an authoritarian government in America. It is not 'violating journalistic standards' to tell the unvarnished truth about the crisis we are facing today. A failure to call out the Trump Republicans for what they are -- liars, enablers, and accessories to crimes against the Constitution -- itself violates the most basic canons of journalistic ethics."

And so, what you have here is a guy in the twilight of his life pulling no punches. He even has some criticisms for Clinton and Obama and the more traditional Republican George W. Bush, chiefly for being beholden to Wall Street and notoriously for the Wall Street bailout of 2008, wherein the little guy was left to his own sinking devices while the banks committing crimes where saved and propped up -- at taxpayer expense.

He has nothing but bad to say about EVERYONE involved in opening the gateways to campaign contributions -- unlimited and hidden offerings to lobbyists and political candidates alike -- by the monied class. These fabulously wealthy folks now own the politicians in Washington, certainly in the White House, in Congress, and yes, even in the "Supreme" Court, which is partisan and looking out for the 1%-ers.

Reich rues the fact that Hillary, and not Bernie Sanders, got the presidential nomination in 2016. He truly believes that Sanders' form of populism for the people would have won the day over Trump's form of populism for himself. It's all part of the "If" game, though. If only Republicans had held Trump accountable when he ginned up the crowd that attacked the Capitol. If only Republicans did not "fear" Trump so much that they do his every bidding instead of what they know is good for the country.

If, if, if. It doesn't change where we find ourselves and the long road back that lies ahead of us.

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Ava Courtney Sylvester
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August 6, 2025
Robert Reich for president!

Unfortunately, I’m too young to remember Reich as a Clinton cabinet member, and I’m not privileged enough to know him from his Harvard professorship. It was Reich’s articles in the Guardian and posts on social media that first brought me to his work, and I preordered this book right away because I loved what I saw.

In this book, Reich details his life and career in terms of standing up against bullying, from fighting for himself as a kid to seeing bullies everywhere in America and taking a stance. Reich stands for feminism, civil rights, gay rights, and for the common American against big corporations, billionaires, and corrupt demagogs alike. Throughout his memoir, Reich weaves his own personal narrative with compelling historical events and statistics that detail how his generation let us down from these ideals. My favorite part is when he ties John Rawls’ classic veil of ignorance thought experiment with the Powell memo: we clearly could have built a society with freedom and justice for all, but we chose instead one where corporations and oligarchs rule over everyone. That, and the joke about Hillary’s buttered popcorn.

Reich writes how he was once the Democrats’ “new guru” in the 1980s when his first book came out. Had we listened to him then, perhaps the Democrats wouldn’t have so glibly abandoned the working class, and perhaps we wouldn’t be living under fascist rule now.

Can we vote for Reich as president?
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Betsy Robinson
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September 5, 2025
This book is not merely a memoir. It is a history—personal and comparative—and because it's also a compellingly readable story, it's sometimes magical. Former Labor Secretary and so many other things Robert Reich was born at the start of the Baby Boom generation in 1946. But, at the beginning of the book, this fact is woven into the simultaneous histories of Donald Trump, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, as well as the Frank Capra movie It's a Wonderful Life—also born in 1946. What a great way to launch a memoir and history. It's inventive, idiosyncratic, and FUN!

Over and over, in Reich's words, "my eyes welled up" as people I'd known of from general history knowledge and events I lived through, but from the periphery, became deeply personal. And sometimes I learned history that had somehow escaped me: the hardhat riot of May 8, 1970 right here in NYC, "the first major salvo in America's culture wars, and it had been planned in [Nixon's] Oval Office (128)." I attribute my emotional reactions to storytelling that carries a kind of vibrant energy that animates everything he writes. (And I have no doubt that same energy makes him a gifted teacher.)

Reich's history and American history, starting in 1946, are seamlessly intertwined, and reading this memoir is an emotional, visceral experience. Sometimes funny, always entertaining, his personal life intersects not only early on with murdered Freedom Rider Michael Schwerner, but with Hillary Rodham Clinton when he was at Dartmouth, segueing into the beginning of a professional life working a signature machine for Bobby Kennedy and going on to organize young people for Eugene McCarthy in the fight against LBJ for the Democratic nomination for president.

Reich is ambitious as early as grade school, and turns out to be an absolutely fearless leader, activist, and organizer in his twenties. Although he suffers from a genetic disorder that ended his physical growth at 4'11" and made him a magnet for bullies when he was a child (experience that has directed his politics as well as the rest of his life), his ability to jump in wherever he is needed and make a difference make him to us sapiosexuals (people who are attracted to intelligence) a stud! (And I'm sure that would make him blush and laugh.)

However, not only is he smart, he is self-aware. He tells a remarkable story that I will not spoil by retelling it about encountering his own potential to become a bully and rather than getting seduced by the "win" inherent in what happens, he is shocked and commits to never letting himself go down that road. Oh, my heart!

There was a lot of economic policy which was interesting, but I'm not educated enough to understand the weeds. But then came the chapter "Becoming Secretary." Kaboom. New understanding about how government works, and specifically cabinet confirmations. (Teaser: confirmation has zero to do with what a candidate knows or even his policies.) I felt as if I was learning secrets that can be extended to many parts of life. (Interestingly, I had the same reaction to E. Jean Carroll's hilarious and detailed narrative in her memoir Not My Type about how her lawyers prepared her to testify. And then the judge's instructions to the jury. And I've had the same reaction to Elizabeth Warren's books which connect the dots between economic policy and life. All of this leads me to think that were we all educated by economists and lawyers for at least part of our schooling, the world would be a better place because we'd understand how the "game" is played.)

The "Becoming Secretary" chapter was followed by a laugh-out-loud one about meeting Fed chair Alan Greenspan, with imaginary conversation worthy of the best comedy writer. And then there is Reich's lunch with Bill Gates, and the ethical brouhaha around his letting Gates pick up his tab made me groan with both longing for ethics and pain at the naked grift in today's White House. There's the "Illicit Affair" chapter about his laugh-out-loud long, funny, loving friendship with tall Alan Simpson, Republican Senator for Wyoming. And so much more.

I reiterate, this book is FUN! But it's a lot more than that. Sometimes the policy and economic discussion erupts in a call to action with a prophet's vision of a different future. I found myself silently cheering during the following passage from a chapter titled "The Rigging of the Market."
It was once thought acceptable to own and trade human beings, to take the land of Indigenous people by force, to put debtors in prison, and to exercise vast monopoly power. It must now be asked: Is it morally acceptable that the typical worker's wage has stagnated for the last forty years while most of the economy's gains have gone to the top? Do we believe that people who are fabulously rich are succeeding because of their own inherent worthiness or because the game is rigged in their favor? Have people who are poor failed, or has the system failed them? Is it morally acceptable that the pay of American CEOs of big companies has gone from an average of 20 times that of the of the typical worker forty years ago to over 350 times today? Are the denizens of Wall Street—who in the 1950s and 1960s earned modest sums but are now paid tens or hundreds of millions annually really "worth" that much more now than they were then? (360-361)

As Arthur Miller wrote in Death of a Salesman, "attention must be paid" to the working people of this country. Otherwise we are unsustainable. Robert Reich tells the whole chaotic story of how we got where we are, while maintaining optimism in young people's will and ability to transform us.

See Robert Reich podcast about the book: Coffee Klatch.

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Tim Null
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October 17, 2025
When moving to California a good many decades ago, my wife and I drove through Arkansas. Shortly after entering that state, there was a huge billboard with a large photo of the local governor welcoming us to Arkansas. I turned to my wife and said, "Bill Clinton wants to be president."

She replied, "Who's Bill Clinton?"

I fear I've digressed even before I've begun.

Robert Reich's book Coming Up Short is historically valuable. Especially for its behind the scenes look at the Clinton presidency. (There are better Reich books to learn about economic principles.)

My biased view about Bill Clinton is that he succeeded initially because he acted like a Republican. However, Clinton ultimately failed because he learned to lie and cheat almost as well as a frigging Republican. (In Clinton's defense, I should mention that Ronald Reagan turned the Republican party into a cult, and Newt Gingrich took full advantage.)

Quote
Because I was short enough to fit into the jump seat opposite Bill [Clinton] in the White House limo, I'd try to find out what time he was leaving the Oval Office so I could get in the limo and make my pitches to him in private, arguing against the policies Bob [Rubin, the Secretary of Treasury,] was pushing. Bill listened politely, but I could tell that my constant harping about widening inequality was beginning to make me more of an irritant than a helpful adviser. p.189

[Eventually,] I figured that since I couldn't have much effect on the [Clinton] administration's big decisions, I'd retreat to the Labor Department, where I could have a big impact small decisions ... p. 190

[Gingrich had the] meanness of a little kid ... And like all bullies, inside was an insecure little fellow who desperately wanted attention. p. 208

Being an activist for social justice means working hard but not expecting the goals to be achieved anytime soon. p. 289
Unquote

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Marshall Snyder
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August 20, 2025
I really enjoyed this book. The biography portions were interesting and fun, but his analysis of what ails the United States is right on. I watched a company I worked for fall prey to the forces Reich thinks are destructive to this country. My company, founded by charismatic and thoughtful men, was sold to an equity company which systematically squeezed it for bigger profits, decreased benefits, and eventually sold off the company for big money. Profits over people; law and order over freedom; nationalism over diversity!

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August 24, 2025
This memoir is also a great history lesson, and it combined much of what I studied in college and taught in a college course with politics of the last 40 years. The author toes in his sense of humor in laugh-out-loud ways and also provides advice for how we can stop the bullies. I’d recommend this book to anyone!

My favorite quotes:
“Nothing important works out in the end, unless we work hard for it now. We must all be activists. Overtime, I’ve come to understand that the choice is not between gaining immediate wins or falling into passivity. Being an activist for social justice means working hard but not expecting the goals to be achieved any time soon. It requires accepting that they may not be achieved in our lifetime. But that seeking them is essential for our lives to matter. It means taking on some challenges you’re likely to fail at, but which may inspire others along the way. It means regarding some failures as Nobel experiments. It means seeking to achieve big important, things that will change people’s lives for the better. Even if you come up short.” — Part VI The Long Game: My Mother’s Advice


“…but the stark reality, as I have traced it and lived it over the past 78 years, is that the richest and most powerful nation in modern history—the America that emerged victorious from World Ward II and whose democracy was a beacon for much of the rest of the world, is now coming up short. Trump and trumpism are consequences —not causes. As I hope I’ve made clear, the causes have been growing for more than 40 years. We could have addressed them. We did not. The responsibility to remedy this— to restore genuine opportunity, strengthen democracy and contain the bullies—now falls to those who come after us.” - Growing Old (final words of the book)

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August 15, 2025
Thank you to NetGalley for an eARC of this book!

I was too young to be paying attention to the politics (and drama) of the Clinton administration, so my familiarity with Robert Reich came from his Instagram posts and videos. Reich’s videos demonstrated his talent for taking complex problems or ideas (as well as topics that can immediately “trigger” many a MAGA) and breaking them down into easy-to-understand explanations and graphics. Reich was able to translate this skill into this book successfully - mixing memoir, American history, and amusing tales from his many fascinating jobs, while connecting it all through the theme of “bullies.” Reich’s argument that the concept of the “common good” being critical to a civilized society, while castigating the dangers of selfish individualism (epitomized by a certain orange cretin) feels like an essential part of the conversation that is often missing in political discussions. Overall, this book was a fast-paced, fascinating, refreshing, and, dare I say, hopeful read.

Also - Reich referring to Ayn Rand as “Trump’s pinup girl” made me full out witch cackle.
2025

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Beth Seabreeze
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August 23, 2025
Very interesting account of all the things the professor saw and did in politics. He was in the middle of it all.

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September 2, 2025
A fantastic memoir from a man who’s spent his life in politics fighting for workers. I’ve closely followed politics for most of my life, and I knew a lot of the material covered in this memoir. But Mr. Reich, having worked closely with many administrations (and just by virtue of being a lot older than me,) covered so many gaps in my knowledge and provided essential context so that I now have a much better understanding of, for instance, why there was such an explosion of corporate money in politics in the 1980s, and why the GOP has been so vocal about their (supposed) disdain for large government. I also learned about the Hard Hat Riot (seriously wtf???) and the Powell memo. This is an essential read for anyone who wants to know how we got to where we are in the US in 2025, and wants to fight to protect democracy.

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Bryan Tanner
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November 11, 2025
BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front)

Robert Reich would be a U.S. President if he weren’t 4’10”.

Executive Summary

Robert Reich’s Coming Up Short traces the erosion of the American middle class through decades of economic policy and political compromise.

1. Abandonment of the Working Class — Both major parties, Reich argues, prioritized Wall Street and globalization over the needs of ordinary workers.
2. Democratic Drift — As Labor Secretary under Bill Clinton, Reich witnessed Democrats shift toward pro-corporate centrism, alienating their traditional labor base.
3. Rise of Resentment — This betrayal seeded the populist anger that later fueled the rise of Donald Trump.
4. Patriotism Reimagined — Reich defines true patriotism as inclusive and civic-minded—defending democracy, equality, and justice rather than symbolic nationalism.
5. The Path Forward — Reviving the American Dream requires rebuilding trust in public institutions and creating economic systems that reward contribution over exploitation.

Review

Coming Up Short is a lucid, impassioned argument that America’s working class has been systematically betrayed—not by one party alone, but by a bipartisan surrender to corporate power. As a learning designer and citizen, I left the book convinced that the American Dream isn’t dead, just deliberately starved.

Reading Coming Up Short felt like sitting in office hours an unflinching yet hopeful teacher (who happens to be a Harvard Economics professor)—a man determined to remind his country of its moral obligations. Reich’s analysis blends moral philosophy with economic realism. He’s angry, yes, but his anger is tethered to faith in the American project. What struck me most wasn’t the critique of capitalism (that’s familiar territory), but his insistence that patriotism and justice are not opposites—they are inseparable.

Reich’s idea of “true patriotism” felt essential to me. Compared to Trump’s brand of “patriotism”with gaudy symbols, empty rhetoric, and token gestures when it comes to serving the American People and reducing our $38 trillion debt stands is stark relief to what Reich proposes. Reich’s patriotism isn’t partisan; it’s civic. He calls us to love America enough to make it fair. Community sacrifice over self aggrandizement.

As alluded to in the book (and in a season 4 episode of Only Murders In the Building), there seems to be a correlation between one’s feelings toward the film It’s a Wonderful Life and one’s proclaimed political party. I would love to conduct an informal Facebook survey exploring this further. The film, which FBI memos once labeled “communist propaganda,” celebrates community over profit. My hypothesis is that Democrats often cherish the film for that reason—it’s a story about people triumphing over Potter’s predatory capitalism. However, I imagine many Republicans, by contrast, dismiss or distrust it, perhaps because they either fail to recognize or resent its critique, deriding it as socialism. Not wishing to admit it (even to themselves) some Republicans may argue that Potter is the hero of the film, thereby resorting to a straw man attack of the film, calling it childish or stupid.

Reich speaks to me from an academic, professional, and moral perspective. As a learning scientist, the book doubles as a case study in civic learning. Reich models what critical reflection looks like on a national scale: questioning assumptions, re-examining systems, and confronting cognitive dissonance with courage. His writing pushes readers to develop civic metacognition—to think about how we think about our country. That’s rare and deeply necessary.

TL;DR
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Reich argues that the American Dream isn’t dead—it’s been hijacked. He calls for a recovery of moral and civic imagination: a patriotism grounded not in flags or slogans but in fairness, dignity, and shared sacrifice. Essential reading for anyone who loves It’s a Wonderful Life for what it truly is—a parable of people over profit—and wants to believe that dream can still be saved.

Similar Reads

- Saved by Benjamin Barber — on democracy, markets, and moral citizenship.
- Who Stole the American Dream? by Hedrick Smith — a journalistic counterpart to Reich’s moral economics.
- Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty — a macroeconomic deep dive into inequality and the structures Reich condemns.

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Robert B. Reich Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America — 1,000 단어 요약 + 평론 해주세요
ChatGPT의 말:

아래는 한국어 1,000단어 요약 + 평론, 이어서 영어 1,000-word summary + review 순서로 제공합니다.
(세진님 요청대로 두 언어는 동일한 내용이 아니라, 각 문화권 독자가 자연스럽게 읽도록 조정된 버전입니다.)


🇰🇷 **로버트 라이시, 『Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America』

1,000단어 요약 + 평론**

로버트 B. 라이시는 미국에서 가장 널리 알려진 공공 지식인 중 한 명이며, 노동장관(클린턴 정부)·학자·정책 비평가로 활동해 왔다. **『Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America』**는 정책 이론서가 아니라 그가 살아온 미국의 변화를 기록한 개인적 회고록이다. 핵심은 “내가 경험한 미국은 약속을 지키지 못하는 나라가 되어가고 있다”는 진단이며, 그 약속이란 노동·평등·민주주의의 상식적 규범을 말한다.

■ 1. 어린 시절과 ‘작은 몸’의 경험

라이시는 어린 시절 키가 매우 작아 괴롭힘을 당했고, 이 경험이 “약한 사람을 보호해야 한다”는 평생의 윤리적 방향을 형성했다고 밝힌다. 그는 사회·경제 구조의 문제를 개인의 의지로 설명하는 편견을 일찍부터 체험으로 거부하게 되었고, 이후 구조적 불평등을 연구하는 이유도 이 경험에서 출발했다고 말한다.

■ 2. 1960~70년대의 미국: 공정성에 대한 믿음

MIT·예일·영국 옥스퍼드에서 공부하던 젊은 시절, 라이시는 미국 사회에 여전히 강한 사회적 이동성과 공동체적 윤리가 존재했다고 회고한다. 부와 권력이 집중되기는 했지만,

  • 노동조합의 힘이 컸고

  • 기업과 정부는 일정한 책임윤리를 갖고 있었으며

  • 중산층은 실제로 확장되고 있었다.

그는 이 시기의 미국을 “완벽하지 않았지만, 최소한 더 나아질 수 있다고 믿을 수 있었던 사회”로 기억한다.

■ 3. 신자유주의 전환과 불평등의 폭발

1980년대 이후 미국은 레이건 행정부를 계기로 시장만능주의와 감세·민영화·노동유연화라는 신자유주의적 정책으로 급격히 이동했다. 라이시는 이 과정에서

  • 노동의 몫이 시스템적으로 축소되고

  • 금융·대기업의 영향력이 과도하게 커지며

  • 부의 집중이 민주주의 기능을 약화시키는 현상
    이 심화되었다고 분석한다.

이 시기 그는 정부·학계를 오가며 연구와 정책 실무를 병행했지만, “미국이 더 이상 약자를 보호하는 사회가 아니다”라는 위기감을 점점 강하게 갖게 된다.

■ 4. 클린턴 행정부 시기의 경험

라이시는 클린턴 정부의 노동장관으로 합류해 실질 최저임금 인상, 교육훈련 프로그램, 근로장려세제(EITC) 확대 등을 추진한다. 이 경험은 그에게 “정책은 실제로 삶을 바꿀 수 있다”는 희망을 준 동시에,

  • 워싱턴 정치의 구조적 타협

  • 기업 로비의 압력

  • 민주당 내부의 우경화
    가 개혁을 제한하는 데 큰 충격을 받는다.

회고록은 해당 시기의 현실을 미화하지 않는다. 그는 자신이 실패한 정책이나 정치적 무력감을 솔직히 기록한다. 이런 정직함이 이 책의 큰 매력이다.

■ 5. 2000년대 이후: 금융화된 자본주의와 정체된 민주주의

라이시는 2008년 금융위기 이후 미국이 근본적 반성을 하지 않은 채 금융·플랫폼 기업 중심의 자본주의 구조로 더 강하게 재편되었다고 본다. 이는 노동의 안전망을 더욱 약화시키고, 지역·계층·세대 간 불평등을 심화시켰다.
그는 “내가 사랑했던 미국은 더이상 예전의 미국이 아니다”라고 말한다.

■ 6. 팬데믹과 정치 양극화

이 책의 후기 부분에서 그는 팬데믹이 불평등을 다시 드러내며, 미국 민주주의가 정치적 양극화로 인해 “집단적 공공선의 감각”을 거의 잃어버렸다고 평가한다.
그럼에도 그는 희망을 완전히 버리지 않는다. 시민사회·청년세대·노동조합의 새로운 움직임에서 변화의 가능성을 읽는다.


평론: 라이시의 개인사와 ‘나의 미국’이라는 정치적 자서전

1. 개인적 경험을 통해 구조를 보여주는 방식

이 책은 단순한 정책 비평집이 아니라, 개인의 삶을 통해 자본주의·정치·민주주의라는 큰 구조의 변화를 보여주는 독특한 정치자서전이다. 라이시는 ‘이론의 사람’이 아니라 ‘경험의 사람’으로 쓴다.
키가 작은 남자아이가 괴롭힘을 당한 경험이 ‘공정성’이라는 사상으로 발전하는 과정을 솔직하게 기록한다.

이는 세진님이 관심을 두는 “감정·경험·기억과 정치적 인식의 관계”와도 정확히 맞닿아 있다.

2. ‘미국적 약속’의 붕괴를 내부자로 기록

경제학자나 사회학자는 구조를 분석할 수 있지만,

  • 노동장관

  • 각종 정책 결정 현장

  • 미국 지식인 사회
    를 모두 경험한 사람은 많지 않다.

라이시는 바로 이 내부자의 경험을 통해 신자유주의가 어떻게 제도·정치·문화에 스며들었는지를 구체적으로 보여준다.

3. 비판적이면서도 비관주의에 빠지지 않는 시선

책은 ‘미국의 실패’를 날카롭게 기록하지만, 절망으로 끝나지 않는다.
라이시는 민주주의를 회복하기 위한 시민적 상호책임—공동체적 윤리—를 강조한다. 이는 퀘이커적 가치와도 자연스럽게 이어진다.

4. 한계도 존재한다

이 책은 자전적 성향 때문에

  • 흑인·이민자·노동계급의 목소리가 상대적으로 적고

  • 국제적 관점(글로벌 자본주의의 상호연결성)은 약하며

  • 신자유주의 비판이 다소 도덕적 서사에 기대는 측면
    이 있다.

그러나 회고록의 성격을 감안하면 큰 약점은 아니다.

■ 총평

『Coming Up Short』은 라이시가 본 ‘미국의 약속의 붕괴사’이며, 동시에 그 약속을 회복하려는 한 시민의 기록이다.
개인의 경험을 통해 구조를 읽어내는 방식이 탁월하며, 오늘날의 불평등과 민주주의 위기를 이해하려는 독자에게 여전히 중요한 책이다.


🇺🇸 **1,000-word English Summary + Review

Robert B. Reich, Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America**

Summary

Robert Reich’s memoir is not a chronological autobiography but a reflection on “my America”—a country that once believed in fairness, mobility, and collective responsibility, yet has increasingly failed to honor those ideals. The book blends personal memory, political history, and economic analysis, offering a narrative that spans from his childhood in the 1950s to contemporary America.

1. Growing up small in a big country

Reich begins with stories of severe bullying due to his unusually short stature. These experiences shaped his lifelong concern for the vulnerable and his conviction that social systems—rather than individual flaws—determine life chances. This sensitivity later guided his political and academic commitments.

2. America of the mid-20th century: flawed but hopeful

In the 1960s and early 1970s, Reich saw a society in which workers had bargaining power, corporations felt accountable to the public, and social mobility was real for many. While racism and inequality were obvious, the dominant sentiment was that things could get better. He portrays this era as imperfect but buoyed by shared expectations of a fair society.

3. The neoliberal turn and the unraveling of the social contract

The Reagan era marks a watershed. Deregulation, union weakening, tax cuts for the wealthy, and financialization began to reshape American capitalism. Reich documents how wages stagnated, corporate power expanded, and inequality deepened. He stresses that this transformation was not accidental but the result of deliberate policy choices supported by both major parties.

4. Inside the Clinton administration

As Secretary of Labor, Reich sought to strengthen workers’ rights, expand training programs, and raise the minimum wage. His account of Washington politics is candid: reform was always constrained by corporate lobbying, fiscal conservatism, and a Democratic Party drifting toward the political center. He describes both genuine achievements and painful compromises, presenting policy-making as a constant struggle between ideals and structural limits.

5. The 21st century: financial capitalism and democratic erosion

After the 2008 financial crisis, Reich expected a structural reckoning, but instead witnessed a return to the same unequal system—now supercharged by tech monopolies and financial concentration. He argues that inequality has corroded democratic governance, allowing wealth to shape political outcomes more than citizen participation.

6. Pandemic, polarization, and the fraying commons

The COVID-19 era exposed longstanding vulnerabilities: precarious labor, racial disparities, and the absence of a social safety net. Reich sees political polarization as a symptom of deeper economic dislocation. However, he still sees promise in renewed labor movements, civic activism, and younger generations seeking a more equitable society.


Review

1. A memoir that doubles as social criticism

Reich succeeds in weaving personal memories into a broad critique of American capitalism. His strength lies in storytelling: instead of drowning readers in statistics, he shows how policy choices manifest in everyday lives. This makes the book accessible but also politically sharp.

2. A rare insider perspective on the rise of inequality

Few writers have witnessed—from inside government—the structural shift from mid-century social democracy to neoliberal capitalism. His reflections on Washington politics, the limits of reform, and the moral dilemmas of public service are among the book’s most compelling passages.

3. A principled but not naive voice

Reich criticizes America’s failures without falling into fatalism. The memoir carries a moral urgency: democracy cannot survive alongside extreme inequality. His vision is not ideological but ethical—society must protect the vulnerable and distribute opportunity fairly.

4. Limitations

As a personal memoir, the book offers less on the experiences of marginalized communities and little on global dynamics that shaped U.S. capitalism. Its diagnosis—though accurate—relies heavily on moral framing, which may feel insufficiently structural for some readers.

Overall assessment

Coming Up Short is a powerful account of the erosion of America’s social contract told by someone who both studied and tried to repair it. The memoir’s blend of personal vulnerability, historical insight, and political critique makes it a valuable contribution to understanding contemporary American inequality and the future of democracy.


세진님,
필요하시면 **라이시의 다른 저서들과 사상적 일관성(예: 『The Work of Nations』, 『Saving Capitalism』, 『Aftershock』)**을 연결한 비교 분석도 만들어 드릴게요.

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로버트 라이시의 저서 <나의 미국 이야기: 미완의 꿈>(Coming Up Short: A Memoir of My America)에 대한 요약과 평론을 작성해 드립니다.  


로버트 라이시 <나의 미국 이야기: 미완의 꿈> 요약 및 평론

1. 도서 요약: 개인의 서사와 국가의 굴곡

<나의 미국 이야기>는 빌 클린턴 행정부의 노동부 장관을 지낸 경제학자이자 공공정책 전문가인 로버트 라이시가 자신의 삶을 통해 미국 현대사의 명암을 조명한 회고록이다. 이 책은 단순히 한 개인의 성공 신화를 나열하는 데 그치지 않고, 저자의 신체적 특징인 <왜소증>과 그로 인해 겪었던 개인적 경험이 어떻게 그의 정치적 신념과 경제적 관점으로 확장되었는지를 세밀하게 추적한다.

유년기와 정체성의 형성

라이시는 유년 시절부터 겪어야 했던 신체적 취약함과 그로 인한 따돌림에 대해 솔직하게 고백한다. 그는 남들보다 작은 키 때문에 스스로를 보호하기 위해 더 영리해져야 했고, 타인의 고통에 공감하는 감수성을 기르게 되었다. 특히 어린 시절 자신을 보호해 주었던 흑인 소년 미키 슈워너가 민권 운동 중 살해당한 사건은 라이시에게 큰 충격을 주었으며, 이는 평생 그가 사회적 약자와 정의를 위해 투쟁하게 된 근본적인 동력이 된다.

권력의 중심에서 목격한 한계

옥스퍼드 대학 로즈 장학생 시절 빌 클린턴과 맺은 인연은 그를 권력의 핵심부로 인도한다. 노동부 장관으로서 라이시는 중산층의 붕괴를 막고 노동자의 권익을 보호하기 위해 분투한다. 그러나 그는 워싱턴의 정치 공학 속에서 이상이 현실에 부딪히는 과정을 목격한다. 기업의 로비와 신자유주의적 흐름 속에서 공공의 이익이 후퇴하는 모습은 그에게 깊은 무력감을 안겨주기도 한다.

경제적 불평등과 민주주의의 위기

저자는 지난 수십 년간 미국의 부가 상위 1%에게 집중되면서 중산층이 해체되고 있음을 경고한다. 그는 경제적 불평등이 단순히 돈의 문제를 넘어, 시민들의 정치적 영향력을 박탈하고 민주주의 자체를 위협한다고 분석한다. 라이시는 공동체 정신의 회복과 '공공선'에 대한 투자가 사라진 자리에 분노와 분열이 들어찼음을 지적하며, 미국이 가야 할 길을 다시 묻는다.


2. 비평: 왜소한 거인이 던지는 묵직한 질문

개인적 서사의 보편적 확장

이 책의 가장 큰 미덕은 <개인적인 것이 가장 정치적인 것>임을 증명한다는 점에 있다. 라이시는 자신의 신체적 약점을 숨기지 않고, 그것을 사회적 약자에 대한 연대감의 원천으로 승화시킨다. 이는 독자로 하여금 거대 담론으로서의 경제학이 아니라, 구체적인 삶의 현장으로서의 경제를 바라보게 만든다.

권력에 대한 냉철한 성찰

전직 고위 관료의 회고록임에도 불구하고, 자신의 성취를 과시하기보다 실패와 한계를 기록하는 데 주저함이 없다. 클린턴 행정부 내부의 갈등과 타협을 가감 없이 묘사함으로써, 정치적 이상이 제도권 안에서 어떻게 마모되는지를 생생하게 보여준다. 이는 오늘날의 정치 지형을 이해하는 데 귀중한 통찰을 제공한다.

불평등에 대한 인문학적 접근

라이시는 수치와 통계에 매몰되지 않는다. 그는 경제를 <사람과 사람 사이의 관계>로 파악한다. 그가 주장하는 <미완의 꿈>은 결국 모두가 존엄을 유지하며 살 수 있는 공동체의 복원이다. 기술 관료적 해법보다는 가치와 철학의 전환을 촉구한다는 점에서 이 책은 단순한 경제학 서적 이상의 울림을 준다.

한계와 비판적 시각

다만, 일부 독자들에게는 그의 시각이 지나치게 낙관적이거나 도덕주의적으로 비칠 수 있다. 구조적인 자본주의의 모순을 지적하면서도, 결국 교육과 정치적 의지를 통한 개혁이라는 고전적인 해법에 머물러 있다는 비판도 존재한다. 또한 클린턴 행정부의 실책에 대해 저자 역시 일정 부분 책임이 있다는 점에서, 그의 회고가 때로는 자기 변호적으로 느껴질 여지도 있다.


3. 결론: 우리 시대의 이정표

로버트 라이시의 <나의 미국 이야기>는 길을 잃은 현대 민주주의와 자본주의에 던지는 통렬한 반성문이자 희망의 메시지다. 그는 자신의 작은 체구보다 훨씬 큰 비전을 제시하며, 경제의 목적은 성장이 아니라 <인간다운 삶>에 있어야 함을 역설한다. 불평등의 심화로 몸살을 앓고 있는 한국 사회에도 시사하는 바가 매우 크다.


요약과 평론 내용이 마음에 드시나요? 추가적으로 특정 챕터에 대한 심층 분석이나 로버트 라이시의 다른 저서와 비교가 필요하다면 말씀해 주세요.


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