Past Lives had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2023, and was released theatrically in the United States on June 2, 2023. The film was released with a soundtrack.
Hae Sung, Nora, and Arthur are sitting at a bar while an unseen couple watches them and guesses their relationships with each other.
Twenty-four years earlier in Seoul, Na Young and Hae Sung are classmates who walk home together each day. Na Young's family immigrates to Toronto, where she changes her name to Nora.
Infinite Potential: Exploring the Ideas of David Bohm with Paul Howard
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In this episode of Science & Wisdom LIVE, Scott Snibbe interviews Paul Howard, director of 'Infinite Potential: the Life and Ideas of David Bohm'. Together, they discuss the theories of David Bohm, one of the foremost theoretical physicists of the last century, and explore the philosophical implications of quantum mechanics and what modern physics can tell us about the nature of reality.
American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird (Author), Martin J. Sherwin (Author) 4.6 4.6 out of 5 stars 4,593 ratings
'Reads like a thriller, gripping and terrifying' - Sunday Times
Physicist and polymath, as familiar with Hindu scriptures as he was with quantum mechanics,J. Robert Oppenheimer - director of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb - was the most famous scientist of his generation. In their meticulous and riveting biography, Kai Bird andMartin J. Sherwin reveal a brilliant, ambitious, complex and flawed man, profoundly involved with some of the momentous events of the twentieth century.
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Review
'Reads like a thriller, gripping and terrifying by turns... No more absorbing biography will, Ipredict, come out this year, nor, given the dangers we face, a more important one.' - John Carey,Sunday Times
'Fascinating... Enthralling... All previous works on the topic are, in the nicest possiblesense, blown out of the sky by a book which is, in both the proper and metaphorical meanings,monumental.' - Mark Lawson, Esquire
'No previous biography has... matched the power, range and lucidity of Martin Sherwin and KaiBird's Life... Its combination of meticulous scholarship and felicitous prose grasps the drama ofOppenheimer's life in all its riveting complexity. ' - Sunday Telegraph
'A giant among biographies, a life story that at times reads like a thriller but which is alsodeeply authoritative and persuasively informative.... Magisterial.' -Observer
'This is a magisterial biography: a masterpiece that has taken decades to puttogether.'- Kathryn Hughes, Mail on Sunday
About the Author
Kai Bird is a contributing editor at The Nation and the author of several biographies, includingThe Chairman, The Color of Truth, The Good Spy and The Outlier. He is the recipient of a GuggenheimFellowship and a MacArthur Writing Fellowship
Martin J. Sherwin was a Professor of History at George Mason University. His other books include AWorld Destroyed, winner of the Stuart L. Bernath and the American History Bookprizes, and Gambling with Armageddon.
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From Australia
Pamela M Bores
5.0 out of 5 stars A Great read after seeming the movie
Reviewed in Australia on 22 August 2023
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The book “American Prometheus” The triumph and Tragedy of J Robert Oppenheimer” is a really interesting read. As always, the book includes all the things that can never be included in a film - even one as good as Oppenheimer .
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D Lewis
5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent biography.
Reviewed in Australia on 15 August 2023
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The book that Oppenheimer (2023) was based on. Actually explained to me (not deliberately of course) some of the more odd acting choices. And filled out the story more. This most enigmatic and problematic of scientists is keenly and insightfully analysed.
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Arnold M
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent book on the life of the man that won the A-Bomb race.
Reviewed in Australia on 19 July 2023
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The book is thorough and pays attention to the backstory on the father of the A-Bomb. A decent read and even better as an audio book. Listening to the audio book before seeing the movie "Oppenheimer".
3 people found this helpful
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Les West
2.0 out of 5 stars A book yearning for an editor!
Reviewed in Australia on 17 August 2023
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The story of Robert Oppenheimer is important and fascinating. This book could have easily been my most highly rated read of the year, but it desperately needs an editor to pull it into shape. It is at least twice as long as it should be. It seems to want to include everything Oppie ever said and everything ever said about him all thrown together in random order. In a single paragraph the narrative often jumps backwards and forwards by decades, with no apparent reason. I am patiently wading through it because the story needs to be told, but I could not recommend it unless it is rewritten in a much better shape.
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Frank G. Splitt
5.0 out of 5 stars J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Quintessential Renaissance Man
Reviewed in the United States on 12 August 2023
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J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Quintessential Renaissance Man
This review of Kai Bird‘s, and Martin Sherwin’s American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, comes many years after the 2005 publication of this Pulitzer Prize winning book. It was prompted by a friend’s positive comments about “Oppenheimer,” the three-hour motion picture inspired by the book. My interest in the man was thus piqued.
Consequently, I ordered the 26-plus hour Audible narration by Jeff Cummings and then purchased a copy of the book as well— worthwhile investments, to say the very least. Here’s why:
The book is at once a definitive, amply illustrated and referenced biography, as well as a corresponding nuanced history of a critical time when the world was introduced to the atomic age.
I was impressed by the ability of the authors to illuminate Oppenheimer’s extraordinarily complex personality, the roots of his deep regard for issues surrounding social-justice, his exceptionally brilliant mind re: quantum physics, and the behavior of a unique and amazing polymathic human being.
Although subjected to cruel and unusual emotional punishment by the reigning powers of the American government in the mid-1950s, he was afforded a modicum of political reparation via President John F. Kennedy’s early 1963 announcement that he intended to present him with the prestigious Enrico Fermi Prize and medal for public service.
After Oppenheimer’s death he was remembered by The London Times as the quintessential Renaissance man. Senator James W. Fulbright had this to say in a speech on the Senate floor: “Let us remember not only what his special genius did for us, let us also remember what we did to him.” This book helps the reader remember it all.
7 people found this helpful
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M Clark
5.0 out of 5 stars A remarkable biography that grabs you from the first page
Reviewed in Germany on 21 August 2023
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This is a remarkable biography. It grabs you from the first page to the last one. In addition to telling the story of Robert Oppenheimer and the development of the atomic bomb, it dives into the issues of thermonuclear war, the anti-communist fanaticism of the McCarthy era, and the abuse of power by Hoover and his FBI. The smear campaign against Oppenheimer in 1954 infects the reader with a feeling of paranoia.
The smear campaign against Oppenheimer continues today with a recent article in Commentary magazine declaring the Oppenheimer really was a communist. The article in Commentary is not at all persuasive The book American Prometheus, however, provides convincing arguments for way this is not true.
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Roman Armenta
5.0 out of 5 stars The Meat & Potatoes & Fruit and Greens of one Omnivorous Intellect
Reviewed in the United States on 25 August 2023
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If you are looking for an authoritative, comprehensive, and crystal-clear bio on this complicated mastermind look no further. This is the book that inspired Christopher Nolan's recent film of critical-acclaim, and
you can't imagine how much more complexity there is to appreciate in Opp's character and story that warrants all 600 pages. There are merely Easter-Egg lines in the film that reference this biography's thorough research on Opp's fervor for Spiritual, Linguistic, Psychological, etc. study.
Lewis Strauss's character assassination strategies for Opp are declassified, citing many government documents and it makes the Robert Downey Jr. version's hands look squeaky clean. However, one of the most impressive elements that stood out to me amidst all these elaborate details was the author's ability to make me, a humanities major, easily grasp concepts in theoretical physics! Read this if you loved the movie and are thirsting for more, or if you are like me, and love to learn about top minds in any field and relish all the wisdom.
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Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars A beautiful biographical work
Reviewed in the United States on 14 August 2023
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I loved this book! I had only the barest knowledge of Oppenheimer, and that was from his work as a physicist. I had no knowledge of his personal life, nor his political life. I knew nothing of what was done to him. Although American Prometheus is quite long, it is a very absorbing biography. I found it difficult to put down, and over the course of the past week, it has cost me several hours of sleep. I often wondered how any scientist could have been involved in the creation of the atomic bomb, but from reading this book, I can understand the rationale behind it. It’s use, however, was a political expediency, and unnecessary, if the evidence suggested in American Prometheus is accurate. It’s hard to reconcile the scientist who was instrumental in the creation of this weapon with the man who had no responsibility for its use. I admire Oppenheimer because of his persistence in speaking out against the production of the hydrogen bomb, even though his outspokenness was part of what led to his ultimate political downfall. I must admit to having ambivalent feelings about his early political connections in many ways, but ultimately I do feel he was loyal to our country. In some ways, a triumphant life, but in others, quite a sad one. I would highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the history of the atomic bomb, as well as the life of Robert Oppenheimer.
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tridentine
5.0 out of 5 stars A lesson to be learned
Reviewed in the United States on 20 August 2023
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Many things can be gleaned from this outstanding work.
First, there are many threats to the freedoms we enjoy in this country, the greatest on earth. Sadly, some are internal.
At the top of the list well might be the FBI.
This book clearly shows that abuses by that agency are long standing. What the FBI, with the help of other public entities and persons, did to Robert Oppenheimer is nothing short of a disgrace. After destroying Oppenheimer, they moved on to others, including, but not limited to MLK. Those who today defend these agencies should readily realize they well could be next.
Why was Oppenheimer targeted? His heritage, his often being the smartest person in any room, his sometimes prickly personality, his regrets as to what he created, etc. Yes, yes, yes, yes.
A great lesson can be learned here, beware, beware, beware, be very aware.
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EP
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent condition & ahead of schedule
Reviewed in Japan on 19 August 2023
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I just got the book, which is huge, and have not read it yet,
글로리아 마리 스타이넘(Gloria Marie Steinem, 1934년 3월 25일 ~ )은 미국의 페미니스트저널리스트이자 사회운동가이다.[1][2] 1960년대와 1970년대에 여성주의 운동의 지도자이자 대변자로 알려졌다.[3]
스타이넘은 잡지 ⟪뉴욕⟫(New York)의 컬럼리스트였으며, 잡지 ⟪미즈⟫(Ms.)의 창립자이기도 하였다. 1969년 스타이넘은 "흑인 민권 운동 이후, 여성의 자유(After Black Power, Women's Liberation)"라는 기사를 발행하였으며,[4] 이 기사는 그녀에게 여성주의의 지도자로서의 명성을 가져다 주었다.[5]
2005년 스타이넘은 제인 폰다, 로빈 모건과 함께 여성을 미디어에서 두드러지고 강력한 존재로 만들기 위하여 위민스 미디어 센터(Women's Media Center)를 공동으로 설립하였다.[6] 학력[편집]스미스 대학교 경력[편집]여성행동연합 미즈 편집장 여성미디어센터 각주[편집] 위키미디어 공용에 관련된 미디어 분류가 있습니다. 글로리아 스타이넘
Steinem was a columnist for New York magazine and a co-founder of Ms. magazine.[2] In 1969, Steinem published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation,"[5] which brought her national attention and positioned her as a feminist leader.[6] In 1971, she co-founded the National Women's Political Caucus which provides training and support for women who seek elected and appointed offices in government. Also in 1971, she co-founded the Women's Action Alliance which, until 1997, provided support to a network of feminist activists and worked to advance feminist causes and legislation. In the 1990s, Steinem helped establish Take Our Daughters to Work Day, an occasion for young girls to learn about future career opportunities.[7] In 2005, Steinem, Jane Fonda, and Robin Morgan co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that "works to make women visible and powerful in the media."[8]
As of May 2018, Steinem was traveling internationally as an organizer and lecturer, and was a media spokeswoman on issues of equality.[9] In 2015, Steinem, alongside two Nobel Peace Laureates (Mairead Maguire of Northern Ireland and Leymah Gbowee of Liberia[10]), Abigail Disney, and other prominent women peace activists, undertook a journey from the capital of North Korea, Pyongyang to South Korea, crossing the most heavily militarized zone in the world between the two Koreas.
Steinem speaking with supporters at the Women Together Arizona Summit at Carpenters Local Union in Phoenix, Arizona, September 2016.
The Steinems lived and traveled about in a trailer, from which Leo carried out his trade as a roaming antiques dealer.[16] Before Gloria was born, her mother, Ruth, then age 34, had a "nervous breakdown" which left her an invalid, trapped in delusional fantasies that occasionally turned violent.[17]She changed "from an energetic, fun-loving, book-loving" woman into "someone who was afraid to be alone, who could not hang on to reality long enough to hold a job, and who could rarely concentrate enough to read a book."[17] Ruth spent long periods in and out of sanatoriums for the mentally ill.[17] Steinem was ten years old when her parents separated in 1944.[17] Her father went to California to find work, while she and her mother continued to live together in Toledo.[18][17]
While her parents divorced under the stress of her mother's illness, Steinem did not attribute it at all to male chauvinism on the father's part—she claims to have "understood and never blamed him for the breakup."[19] Nevertheless, the impact of these events had a formative effect on her personality: while her father, a traveling salesman, had never provided much financial stability to the family, his exit aggravated their situation.[20] Steinem concluded that her mother's inability to hold on to a job was evidence of general hostility towards working women.[20] She also concluded that the general apathy of doctors towards her mother emerged from a similar anti-woman animus.[20] Years later, Steinem described her mother's experience as pivotal to her understanding of social injustices.[21]: 129–138 These perspectives convinced Steinem that women lacked social and political equality.[21]
In 1957, Steinem had an abortion. The procedure was performed by Dr. John Sharpe, a British physician, when abortion was still illegal.[25] Years later, Steinem dedicated her memoir My Life on the Road (2015)[26] to him. She wrote,
"Dr. John Sharpe of London, who in 1957, a decade before physicians in England could legally perform an abortion for any reason other than the health of the woman, took the considerable risk of referring for an abortion a twenty-two-year-old American on her way to India. Knowing only that she had broken an engagement at home to seek an unknown fate, he said, 'You must promise me two things. First, you will not tell anyone my name. Second, you will do what you want to do with your life.'"[27]
In the late 1950s, Steinem spent two years in India as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow. After returning to the United States, she served as director of the Independent Research Service, an organization funded in secret by a donor that turned out to be the CIA.[28] She worked to send non-Communist American students to the 1959 World Youth Festival.[28] In 1960, she was hired by Warren Publishing as the first employee of Help! magazine.[29]
In 1950s, she was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, and later she went ahead to model her campaign after Gandhi's independence movement.[30][31]
Esquire magazine features editor Clay Felker gave freelance writer Steinem what she later called her first "serious assignment", regarding contraception; he didn't like her first draft and had her re-write the article.[32] Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique by one year.[32][33]
In 1963, while working on an article for Huntington Hartford's Show magazine, Steinem was employed as a Playboy Bunny at the New York Playboy Club.[34] The article, published in 1963 as "A Bunny's Tale", featured a photo of Steinem in Bunny uniform and detailed how women were treated at those clubs.[35] Steinem has maintained that she is proud of the work she did publicizing the exploitative working conditions of the bunnies and especially the sexual demands made of them, which skirted the edge of the law.[36][37] However, for a brief period after the article was published, Steinem was unable to land other assignments; in her words, this was "because I had now become a Bunny—and it didn't matter why."[36][38] However, on the upside, the article compelled the owner of Playboy, Hugh Hefner, to review and improve the working conditions of the Bunnies.
In the interim, she conducted an interview with John Lennon for Cosmopolitan magazine in 1964.[39] In 1965, she wrote for NBC-TV's weekly satirical revue, That Was The Week That Was (TW3), contributing a regular segment entitled "Surrealism in Everyday Life".[40] Steinem eventually landed a job at Felker's newly founded New York magazine in 1968.[32]
In 1969, she covered an abortion speak-out for New York Magazine, which was held in a church basement in Greenwich Village, New York.[41][42] Steinem had had an abortion herself in London at the age of 22.[43] She felt what she called a "big click" at the speak-out, and later said she didn't "begin my life as an active feminist" until that day.[42] As she recalled, "It [abortion] is supposed to make us a bad person. But I must say, I never felt that. I used to sit and try and figure out how old the child would be, trying to make myself feel guilty. But I never could! I think the person who said: 'Honey, if men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament' was right. Speaking for myself, I knew it was the first time I had taken responsibility for my own life. I wasn't going to let things happen to me. I was going to direct my life, and therefore it felt positive. But still, I didn't tell anyone. Because I knew that out there it wasn't [positive]."[43] She also said, "In later years, if I'm remembered at all it will be for inventing a phrase like 'reproductive freedom' ... as a phrase it includes the freedom to have children or not to. So it makes it possible for us to make a coalition."[44]
The first issue of Ms., released in 1972
In 1972, she co-founded the feminist-themed magazine Ms. alongside founding editors Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, Dorothy Pitman Hughes, and Mary Peacock; it began as a special edition of New York, and Clay Felker funded the first issue.[32] Its 300,000 test copies sold out nationwide in eight days.[45][46] Within weeks, Ms. had received 26,000 subscription orders and more than 20,000 reader letters.[46] In 1974, Ms. collaborated with public television to produce the television program Woman Alive!, and Steinem was featured in the first episode in her role as co-founder of Ms. magazine.[47] The magazine was sold to the Feminist Majority Foundation in 2001; Steinem remains on the masthead as one of six founding editors and serves on the advisory board.[46]
In 1978, Steinem wrote a semi-satirical essay for Cosmopolitan titled "If Men Could Menstruate" in which she imagined a world where men menstruate instead of women. She concludes in the essay that in such a world, menstruation would become a badge of honor with men comparing their relative sufferings, rather than the source of shame that it had been for women.[50]
On March 22, 1998, Steinem published an op-ed in The New York Times ("Feminists and the Clinton Question") in which she claimed that Bill Clinton's alleged behavior did not constitute sexual harassment, although she did not actually challenge the accounts by his accusers.[51] The op-ed was criticized by various writers, as in the Harvard Crimson[52] and in the Times itself.[53] In 2017, Steinem, in an interview with the British newspaper The Guardian, stood by her 1998 New York Times op-ed, but also said: "I wouldn't write the same thing now."[54]
In 1959, Steinem led a group of activists in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to organize the Independent Service for Information on the Vienna festival, to advocate for American participation in the World Youth Festival, a Soviet-sponsored youth event.
In 1969, she published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation"[56] which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader.[6] As such she campaigned for the Equal Rights Amendment, testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in its favor in 1970.[57][58] That same year she published her essay on a utopia of gender equality, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win", in Time magazine.[59]
This is no simple reform. It really is a revolution. Sex and race because they are easy and visible differences have been the primary ways of organizing human beings into superior and inferior groups and into the cheap labor on which this system still depends. We are talking about a society in which there will be no roles other than those chosen or those earned. We are really talking about humanism.[61]
In March 1973, she addressed the first national conference of Stewardesses for Women's Rights, which she continued to support throughout its existence.[63] Stewardesses for Women's Rights folded in the spring of 1976.[63]
Despite her influence in the feminist movement, Steinem also earned criticism from some feminists as well, who questioned whether she was committed to the movement or using it to promote her glamorous image.[64] The Redstockings also singled her out for agreeing to cooperate with the CIA-backed Independent Research Service.[64] It was also acknowledged that Steinem worked as a CIA agent when this operation was taking place.[65][66]
Steinem, who grew up reading Wonder Woman comics, was also a key player in the restoration of Wonder Woman's powers and traditional costume, which were restored in issue #204 (January–February 1973).[67] Steinem, offended that the most famous female superhero had been depowered, had placed Wonder Woman (in costume) on the cover of the first issue of Ms. (1972)—Warner Communications, DC Comics' owner, was an investor—which also contained an appreciative essay about the character.[67][68] In doing so, however, Steinem forced the firing of Samuel R. Delany who had taken over scripting duties with issue #202. Delany was supposed to write a six-issue story arc, which would culminate in a battle over an abortion clinic where Wonder Woman was to defend women trying to use their services, a critical feminist issue at the time. The story outlines and the work already done on the issues was scrapped, something that Steinem was not aware of and made no attempt to rectify.[69]
In 1976, the first women-only Passover seder was held in Esther M. Broner's New York City apartment and led by Broner, with 13 women attending, including Steinem.[70]
In 1977, Steinem became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[71] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.
In 1984, Steinem was arrested along with a number of members of Congress and civil rights activists for disorderly conduct outside the South African embassy while protesting against the South African apartheid system.[72]
At the outset of the Gulf War in 1991, Steinem, along with prominent feminists Robin Morgan and Kate Millett, publicly opposed an incursion into the Middle East and asserted that ostensible goal of "defending democracy" was a pretense.[73]
During the Clarence Thomas sexual harassment scandal in 1991, Steinem voiced strong support for Anita Hill and suggested that one day Hill herself would sit on the Supreme Court.[74]
In 1992, Steinem co-founded Choice USA, a non-profit organization that mobilizes and provides ongoing support to a younger generation that lobbies for reproductive choice.[75][76][77]
In 1993, Steinem co-produced and narrated an Emmy Award-winning TV documentary for HBO about child abuse, called, "Multiple Personalities: The Search for Deadly Memories".[9] Also in 1993, she and Rosilyn Heller co-produced an original TV movie for Lifetime, "Better Off Dead", which examined the parallel forces that both oppose abortion and support the death penalty.[9]
On June 1, 2013, Steinem performed on stage at the "Chime For Change: The Sound Of Change Live" Concert at Twickenham Stadium in London, England.[79] Later in 2014, UN Women began its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women, and as part of that campaign Steinem (and others) spoke at the Apollo Theater in New York City.[80] Chime For Change was funded by Gucci, focusing on using innovative approaches to raise funds and awareness especially regarding girls and women.[79][81]
Steinem has stated, "I think the fact that I've become a symbol for the women's movement is somewhat accidental. A woman member of Congress, for example, might be identified as a member of Congress; it doesn't mean she's any less of a feminist but she's identified by her nearest male analog. Well, I don't have a male analog so the press has to identify me with the movement. I suppose I could be referred to as a journalist, but because Ms. is part of a movement and not just a typical magazine, I'm more likely to be identified with the movement. There's no other slot to put me in."[82]
Contrary to popular belief, Steinem did not coin the feminist slogan "A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle". Although she helped popularize it, the phrase is actually attributable to Irina Dunn.[83] When Time magazine published an article attributing the saying to Steinem, Steinem wrote a letter saying the phrase had been coined by Dunn.[84]
Another phrase sometimes wrongly attributed to Steinem is: "If men could get pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament." Steinem herself attributed it to "an old Irish woman taxi driver in Boston", whom she said she and Florynce Kennedy met.[85]
On May 24, 2015, International Women's Day for Disarmament, thirty women— including two Nobel Peace laureates and retired Colonel Ann Wright— from 15 countries linked arms with 10,000 Korean women, stationing themselves on both sides of the DMZ to urge a formal end to the Korean War (1950-1953), the reunification of families divided during the war, and a peace building process with women in leadership positions to resolve seventy years of hostility following WWII.[86] It was unusual for South Korea and North Korea to reach consensus on allowing peace activists to enter the tense border area, one of the world's most dangerous places, where hundreds of thousands of troops are stationed in a heavily mined zone that divides South Korea from nuclear North Korea.[10]
In addition to Steinem, participants in crossing the DMZ included organizer Christine Ahn from Hawaii; feminist Suzuyo Takazato from Okinawa; Amnesty International human rights lawyer Erika Guevara of Mexico; Liberian peace and reconciliation advocate Leymah Gbowee; Philippines lawmaker Liza Maza; Northern Ireland peace activist Mairead Maguire and Colonel Ann Wright, a retired officer who resigned from the U.S. military to protest the US invasion of Iraq.
Steinem was the honorary co-chairwoman of 2015 Women's Walk For Peace In Korea with Mairead Maguire, and in the weeks leading up to the walk Steinem told the press, "It's hard to imagine any more physical symbol of the insanity of dividing human beings."[10] The group's main goal is to advocate disarmament and seek Korea's reunification. It will be holding international peace symposiums both in Pyongyang and Seoul in which women from both North Korea and South Korea can share experiences and ideas of mobilizing women to stop the Korean crisis. It is especially believed that the role of women in this act would help and support the reunification of family members divided by the split prolonged for 70 years.[87][88][89][90]
She is also the chair of the advisory board of Apne Aap Women Worldwide, an organization fighting sex trafficking and inter-generational prostitution in India, founded by Ruchira Gupta.[91] She has also written extensively on her travels, experiences with women and the Indian feminist movement with her colleague and friend, Ruchira Gupta.[92][93] In 2014, Steinem and Gupta traveled through India to meet the country's young feminists, writers, and thought leaders. A diary was kept documenting their travels, "Notes on A Tour of the Indian Women's Movement".
Since 2011, Steinem has been one co-conveners of the Frontline Women's Fund, a project of the Sisterhood Is Global Institute along with former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay and Jessica Neuwirth. The Frontline Women's Fund is a fund for women that strengthens frontline women's rights activists around the world by increasing their access to financial resources, political leaders, and media visibility. Today they support 15 partner organizations in 13 countries and manage two thematic funds – the Gloria Steinem Equality Fund to End Sex Trafficking with 13 grantees and the Efua Dorkenoo Fund to End Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) with 5 grantees.
A proponent of civil rights and fierce critic of the Vietnam War, Steinem was initially drawn to Senator Eugene McCarthy because of his "admirable record" on those issues, but after meeting him and hearing him speak, she found him "cautious, uninspired, and dry".[21]: 87 As the campaign progressed, Steinem became baffled at "personally vicious" attacks that McCarthy leveled against his primary opponent Robert F. Kennedy, even as "his real opponent, Hubert Humphrey, went free".[21]: 88
On a late-night radio show, Steinem garnered attention for declaring "George McGovern is the real Eugene McCarthy".[95] In 1968, Steinem was chosen to pitch the arguments to McGovern as to why he should enter the presidential race that year; he agreed, and Steinem "consecutively or simultaneously served as pamphlet writer, advance 'man', fund raiser, lobbyist of delegates, errand runner, and press secretary".[21]: 95
McGovern lost the nomination at the 1968 Democratic National Convention, and Steinem later wrote of her astonishment at Hubert Humphrey's "refusal even to suggest to Chicago MayorRichard J. Daley that he control the rampaging police and the bloodshed in the streets".[21]: 96
Steinem was reluctant to re-join the McGovern campaign, as although she had brought in McGovern's single largest campaign contributor in 1968, she "still had been treated like a frivolous pariah by much of McGovern's campaign staff". In April 1972, Steinem remarked that he "still doesn't understand the Women's Movement".[21]: 114
McGovern ultimately excised the abortion issue from the party's platform, and recent publications show McGovern was deeply conflicted on the issue.[96] Steinem later wrote this description of the events:
The consensus of the meeting of women delegates held by the caucus had been to fight for the minority plank on reproductive freedom; indeed our vote had supported the plank nine to one. So fight we did, with three women delegates speaking eloquently in its favor as a constitutional right. One male Right-to-Life zealot spoke against, and Shirley MacLaine also was an opposition speaker, on the grounds that this was a fundamental right but didn't belong in the platform. We made a good showing. Clearly we would have won if McGovern's forces had left their delegates uninstructed and thus able to vote their consciences.[21]: 100–110
Gloria Steinem in 1977, photographed by Lynn Gilbert
However, Germaine Greer flatly contradicted Steinem's account, reporting, "Jacqui Ceballos called from the crowd to demand abortion rights on the Democratic platform, but Bella [Abzug] and Gloria stared glassily out into the room, thus killing the abortion rights platform", and asking "Why had Bella and Gloria not helped Jacqui to nail him on abortion? What reticence, what loserism had afflicted them?"[97] Steinem later recalled that the 1972 Convention was the only time Greer and Steinem ever met.[98]
The cover of Harper's that month read, "Womanlike, they did not want to get tough with their man, and so, womanlike, they got screwed".[99]
In the run-up to the 2004 election, Steinem voiced fierce criticism of the Bush administration, asserting, "There has never been an administration that has been more hostile to women's equality, to reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right, and has acted on that hostility", adding, "If he is elected in 2004, abortion will be criminalized in this country".[100] At a Planned Parenthood event in Boston, Steinem declared Bush "a danger to health and safety", citing his antagonism to the Clean Water Act, reproductive freedom, sex education, and AIDS relief.[101]
Steinem was an active participant in the 2008 presidential campaign, and praised both the Democratic front-runners, commenting,
Both Senators Clinton and Obama are civil rights advocates, feminists, environmentalists, and critics of the war in Iraq ... Both have resisted pandering to the right, something that sets them apart from any Republican candidate, including John McCain. Both have Washington and foreign policy experience; George W. Bush did not when he first ran for president.[102]
Nevertheless, Steinem endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton, citing her broader experience, and saying that the nation was in such bad shape it might require two terms of Clinton and two of Obama to fix it.[103]
She also made headlines for a New York Times op-ed in which she cited gender and not race as "probably the most restricting force in American life".[104] She elaborated, "Black men were given the vote a half-century before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot, and generally have ascended to positions of power, from the military to the boardroom, before any women."[104]
Steinem again drew attention for, according to the New York Observer, seeming "to denigrate the importance of John McCain's time as a prisoner of war in Vietnam"; Steinem's broader argument "was that the media and the political world are too admiring of militarism in all its guises".[105]
Following McCain's selection of Sarah Palin as his running mate, Steinem penned an op-ed in which she labeled Palin an "unqualified woman" who "opposes everything most other women want and need", described her nomination speech as "divisive and deceptive", called for a more inclusive Republican Party, and concluded that Palin resembled "Phyllis Schlafly, only younger".[106]
Steinem at an event campaigning for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in September 2016.
In an HBO interview with Bill Maher, Steinem, when asked to explain the broad support for Bernie Sanders among young Democratic women, responded, "When you're young, you're thinking, 'Where are the boys? The boys are with Bernie.'"[107] Her comments triggered widespread criticism, and Steinem later issued an apology and said her comments had been "misinterpreted".[108]
Steinem endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[109] Steinem was an honorary co-chair of and speaker at the Women's March on Washington on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as president.[110]
CIA ties and leader of Independent Research Service[edit]
In 1967, Steinem revealed in an interview with The New York Times that she worked full time from 1958 until 1962 at the Independent Research Service, which was largely financed by the CIA.[111] In May 1975, Redstockings, a radical feminist group, published a report that Steinem and others put together on the Vienna Youth Festival and its attendees for the Independent Research Service.[112][113] Redstockings raised the question of whether Steinem had continuing ties with the CIA, which Steinem denied.[114] Steinem defended her relationship to the CIA, saying: "In my experience The Agency was completely different from its image; it was liberal, nonviolent and honorable."[65]
On September 3, 2000, at age 66, Steinem married David Bale, father of actor Christian Bale.[24] The wedding was performed at the home of her friend Wilma Mankiller, the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.[119] Steinem technically became stepmother to Bale's four adult children; she has no biological children. Steinem and Bale were married for only three years before he died of brain lymphoma on December 30, 2003, at age 62.[120]
Commenting on aging, Steinem says that as she approached 60 she felt like she entered a new phase in life that was free of the "demands of gender" that she faced from adolescence onward.[123]
Steinem lives alone in New York's Upper East Side, where she owns the first three floors of her historic brownstone apartment building. In 2021, on her 87th birthday, Google Arts & Culture launched a virtual tour of her home, where she has lived since 1966.[124][125][126][127]
Gloria Steinem (right) and Alice Walker celebrate Steinem's 75th birthday in the Fall 2009 issue of Ms.
Although most frequently considered a liberal feminist, Steinem has repeatedly characterized herself as a radical feminist.[129] More importantly, she has repudiated categorization within feminism as "nonconstructive to specific problems", saying: "I've turned up in every category. So it makes it harder for me to take the divisions with great seriousness."[122] Nevertheless, on concrete issues, Steinem has staked several firm positions.
In 1979, Steinem wrote the article on female genital mutilation that brought it into the American public's consciousness; the article "The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation" was published in the March 1979 issue of Ms.[21]: 292 [130] The article reported on the "75 million women suffering with the results of genital mutilation".[21]: 292 [130] According to Steinem, "The real reasons for genital mutilation can only be understood in the context of the "patriarchy": men must control women's bodies as the means of production, and thus repress the independent power of women's sexuality."[21]: 292 [130]
Steinem's article contains the basic arguments that would later be developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum.[131]
Steinem has frequently voiced her disapproval of the obscurantism and abstractions some claim to be prevalent in feminist academic theorizing.[122][132] She said, "Nobody cares about feminist academic writing. That's careerism. These poor women in academia have to talk this silly language that nobody can understand in order to be accepted[...] But I recognize the fact that we have this ridiculous system of tenure, that the whole thrust of academia is one that values education, in my opinion, in inverse ratio to its usefulness—and what you write in inverse relationship to its understandability."[122] Steinem later singled out deconstructionists like Judith Butler for criticism, saying, "I always wanted to put a sign up on the road to Yale saying, 'Beware: Deconstruction Ahead'. Academics are forced to write in language no one can understand so that they get tenure. They have to say 'discourse', not 'talk'. Knowledge that is not accessible is not helpful. It becomes aerialised—and I think it's important that women's experiences be given a narrative."[132]
Steinem has criticized pornography, which she distinguishes from erotica, writing: "Erotica is as different from pornography as love is from rape, as dignity is from humiliation, as partnership is from slavery, as pleasure is from pain."[21]: 219 [135] Steinem's argument hinges on the distinction between reciprocity versus domination, as she writes, "Blatant or subtle, pornography involves no equal power or mutuality. In fact, much of the tension and drama comes from the clear idea that one person is dominating the other."[21]: 219 [135]
On the issue of same-sex pornography, Steinem asserts, "Whatever the gender of the participants, all pornography including male-male gay pornography is an imitation of the male-female, conqueror-victim paradigm, and almost all of it actually portrays or implies enslaved women and master."[21]: 219 [135] Steinem has also cited "snuff films" as a serious threat to women.[21]: 219 [135]
In an essay published in Time magazine on August 31, 1970, "What Would It Be Like If Women Win", Steinem wrote about same-sex marriage in the context of the "Utopian" future she envisioned, writing:
What will exist is a variety of alternative life-styles. Since the population explosion dictates that childbearing be kept to a minimum, parents-and-children will be only one of many "families": couples, age groups, working groups, mixed communes, blood-related clans, class groups, creative groups. Single women will have the right to stay single without ridicule, without the attitudes now betrayed by "spinster" and "bachelor." Lesbians or homosexuals will no longer be denied legally binding marriages, complete with mutual-support agreements and inheritance rights. Paradoxically, the number of homosexuals may get smaller. With fewer over-possessive mothers and fewer fathers who hold up an impossibly cruel or perfectionist idea of manhood, boys will be less likely to be denied or reject their identity as males.[136]
Although Steinem did not mention or advocate same-sex marriage in any published works or interviews for more than three decades, she again expressed support for same-sex marriage in the early 2000s, stating in 2004 that "[the] idea that sexuality is only okay if it ends in reproduction oppresses women—whose health depends on separating sexuality from reproduction—as well as gay men and lesbians."[137] Steinem is also a signatory of the 2008 manifesto, "Beyond Same-Sex Marriage: A New Strategic Vision For All Our Families and Relationships", which advocates extending legal rights and privileges to a wide range of relationships, households, and families.[138]
In 1977, Steinem expressed disapproval that the heavily publicized sex reassignment surgery of tennis player Renée Richards had been in her opinion characterized as either a frightening look at what feminism could cause or as proof that feminism was no longer necessary. Steinem wrote that the issue was at minimum "a diversion from the widespread problems of sexual inequality." She also wrote that, while she supported the right of individuals to identify as they choose, she believed some transsexuals "surgically mutilate their own bodies" in order to conform to a gender role that is inexorably tied to physical body parts. She claimed that "feminists are right to feel uncomfortable about the need for and uses of transsexualism."[21]: 206–210
On October 2, 2013, Steinem clarified her remarks on transgender people in an op-ed for The Advocate, writing that critics failed to consider that her 1977 essay was "written in the context of global protests against routine surgical assaults, called female genital mutilation by some survivors."[139] Steinem later in the piece expressed unequivocal support for transgender people, saying that transgender people "including those who have transitioned, are living out real, authentic lives. Those lives should be celebrated, not questioned."[139] She also apologized for any pain her words might have caused.[139]
On June 15, 2020, Steinem co-wrote a letter with Mona Sinha to the editor of The New York Times, in which they opposed the elimination of civil rights protections for transgender healthcare by the Trump administration. In it, they made note of precolonial American traditions of gender variance and claimed that "the health of any of us affects the health of all of us, and excluding trans people endangers us all."[140]
Rutgers University announced the Gloria Steinem Endowed Chair in September 2014.[152] The Chair was created to fund teaching and research for someone (not necessarily a woman) who exemplifies Steinem's values of equal representation in the media,[153] and to have this person teach at least one undergraduate course per semester.[153]
In 1995, Education of a Woman: The Life of Gloria Steinem, by Carolyn Heilbrun, was published.[160]
In 1997, Gloria Steinem: Her Passions, Politics, and Mystique, by Sydney Ladensohn Stern, was published.[161]
In 2005, Steinem appeared in season 2, episode 13 of The L Word
In the musical Legally Blonde, which premiered in 2007, Steinem is mentioned in the scene where Elle Woods wears a flashy Bunny costume to a party, and must pretend to be dressed as Gloria Steinem "researching her feminist manifesto 'I Was A Playboy Bunny'". (The actual name of the piece by Steinem being referred to here is "A Bunny's Tale".)
In 2011, Gloria: In Her Own Words, a documentary, first aired.[162]
In 2013, Female Force: Gloria Steinem, a comic book by Melissa Seymour, was published.[163][164][165]
In 2014, Who Is Gloria Steinem?, by Sarah Fabiny, was published.[167]
Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 1, episode 8, of the television show The Sixties.[168]
Also in 2014, Steinem appeared in season 6, episode 3, of the television show The Good Wife.[169]
In 2016, Steinem was featured in the catalog of clothing retailer Lands' End. After an outcry from anti-abortion customers, the company removed Steinem from their website, stating on their Facebook page: "It was never our intention to raise a divisive political or religious issue, so when some of our customers saw the recent promotion that way, we heard them. We sincerely apologize for any offense." The company then faced further criticism online, this time both from customers who were still unhappy that Steinem had been featured in the first place, and customers who were unhappy that Steinem had been removed.[170]
Also in 2016, the television series Woman premiered, featuring Steinem as producer and host; it is a documentary series concerning sexist injustice and violence worldwide.[173]
The Glorias is an American biographical film about Steinem which premiered in 2020.[176] In the film, she is played by four actresses who portray her life at various ages: Ryan Kiera Armstrong as a child, Lulu Wilson as a teen, Alicia Vikander between the ages of 20 and 40, and Julianne Moore as an older woman.
^ Jump up to:abcPogrebin, Letty Cottin (March 20, 2009). "Gloria Steinem". Jewish Women's Archive. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
^Kolhatkar, Sheelah (December 18, 2005). "Gloria Steinem". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on November 20, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
^Steinem, Gloria (May 1963). "A Bunny's Tale"(PDF). Show. Archived from the original(PDF) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
^Suleiman, Daniel (March 3, 1998). "The Whore Principle". Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to:abMcAvennie, Michael (2010). "1970s". In Dolan, Hannah (ed.). DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 154. ISBN978-0-7566-6742-9. After nearly five years of Diana Prince's non-powered super-heroics, writer-editor Robert Kanigher and artist Don Heck restored Wonder Woman's ... well, wonder.
^Greenberger, Robert (2010). Wonder Woman: Amazon. Hero. Icon. Rizzoli Universe Promotional Books. p. 175. ISBN978-0-7893-2416-0. Journalist and feminist Gloria Steinem ... was tapped in 1970 to write the introduction to Wonder Woman, a hardcover collection of older stories. Steinem later went on to edit Ms., with the first issue published in 1972, featuring the Amazon Princess on its cover. In both publications, the heroine's powerless condition during the 1970s was pilloried. A feminist backlash began to grow, demanding that Wonder Woman regain the powers and costume that put her on a par with the Man of Steel.
^Lazo, Caroine. Gloria Steinem: Feminist Extraordinaire. New York: Lerner Publications, 1998. p. 28.
^Miroff, Bruce. The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Identity Crisis of the Democratic Party. University Press of Kansas, 2007. p. 206.
^ Jump up to:abcdGorney, Cynthia (November–December 1995). "Gloria". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to:abcdErotica and Pornography: A Clear and Present Difference. Ms. November 1978, p. 53. & Pornography—Not Sex but the Obscene Use of Power.Ms. August 1977, p. 43. Both retrieved November 16, 2014.
Gloria Steinem: Her Passions, Politics, and Mystique by Sydney Ladensohn Stern (Birch Lane Press, 1997)
Why Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Gloria Steinem Still Matter My Life on the Road . By Gloria Steinem. New York: Random House, 2015. Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg .New York: Dey Street, 2015 by Irin Carmon and Shana Knizhnik
The Glorias is a 2020 American biographical drama film directed and produced by Julie Taymor, from a screenplay by Taymor and Sarah Ruhl. The film is based upon My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem who is represented by four actresses in the movie who portray her life in different ages. It stars Julianne Moore as Steinem, with Alicia Vikander portraying a younger Steinem, from ages 20 to 40, Lulu Wilson portraying a teenage Steinem, and Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Steinem when she was a child. The cast also includes Lorraine Toussaint, Janelle Monáe, and Bette Midler.
The Glorias had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 26, 2020 and was released on September 30, 2020, by Roadside Attractions and LD Entertainment.
Plot
A Greyhound bus filled with Gloria Steinems of all ages drives along the road. The Glorias begin to reminisce about the past. As a young child, Gloria is charmed by her father, an antique salesman whose 'make do' attitude aggravates her mother. A few years later, her parents are separated and a young Gloria is forced to be her mother's caretaker as she falls into a deep depression. To her surprise she finds various articles written with a male byline that her mother reveals were written by her before she was married.
As a young woman, Gloria travels to India on a fellowship. Returning to America she seeks out jobs as a journalist and, despite casual sexism and harassment, manages to succeed writing articles on fashion and dating. After writing an exposé on the poor working conditions of the waitresses working at the Playboy Club, Steinem's name is made. However she feels ashamed by the continued degradation of her work and turns down an offer to turn her article into a book.
Shortly after, Gloria's father is injured in a car accident. Arriving to see him a week after the accident she learns he has died and feels immense guilt that she delayed her visitation out of fear she would have to become his caretaker as she once was for her mother.
While attending the March on Washington to write a profile of James Baldwin, her discussions with a black woman open her mind to the prejudice faced by black women in America and to her own complicity as a white woman. She later attends a speak out on illegal abortion event that causes her to reflect on her own abortion which she had shortly before her fellowship. Moved by the stories of other women and knowing that magazines will not allow her to write the stories she wants, Gloria moves towards activism and befriends Dorothy Pitman Hughes and Florynce Kennedy, two black women who teach her about public speaking and activism.
In the early '70s, Gloria and her friends decide to publish their own magazine, Ms., in order to finally be able to talk about subjects they are interested in. In the first issue, Gloria, along with 52 other famous women, publicly admits to having had an illegal abortion.
Gloria begins to move further into politics by campaigning for Bella Abzug. At the National Women's Political Caucus, Gloria and other women in various movements fight to establish the Equal Rights Amendment. The amendment ultimately fails.
Gloria continues to advocate, speak, and campaign despite being continually plagued by opposition to her pro-choice stance and questions about her marital status and lack of children. At the age of 66, she marries for the first time only to become widowed shortly after.
In 2016, she writes an article about the devastating effect of Hillary Clinton's loss during the 2016 United States presidential election. It is then revealed that the Greyhound bus is filled with protestors headed to the 2017 Women's March with the real life Gloria Steinem on board. Footage from the 2017 Women's March, including the real Steinem's speech as well as footage from around the world is shown.
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《글로리아의 여정》(영어: The Glorias더 글로리아스[*])은 2020년 개봉한 미국의 전기 드라마 영화이다. 줄리 테이머가 감독과 공동각본을 맡았다. 페미니스트 겸 사회운동가인 글로리아 스타이넘의 삶을 그린 작품으로, 그녀의 회고록 《길 위의 인생》(My Life on the Road)을 바탕으로 했다. 줄리앤 무어와 알리시아 비칸데르, 룰루 윌슨이 글로리아 스타이넘을 연기했고, 벳 미들러, 저넬 모네이, 티머시 허턴, 로레인 투세인트가 조연으로 출연했다. 2020 선댄스 영화제에서 전 세계 최초로 공개되었다.
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