Thursday, March 14, 2019

Book review: Australian Farming Families, Inspiring True Stories of life on the land. | The Manning Community News

Book review: Australian Farming Families, Inspiring True Stories of life on the land. | The Manning Community News



Book review: Australian Farming Families, Inspiring True Stories of life on the land.

Australian Farming Families book cover
By Deb Hunt. Macmillan.
330 pp.
$29.99
As a teenager, my summer holidays were spent jillarooing on a huge property on the Queensland border, where I learned both the enchantment and brutality of large scale pastoral life. The heat, the flies, the endless plains, dust, and how to outrun a big angry goanna.
Then I was just an observer, later on I became a Failed Farmer’s Wife.
Worse, a Failed Pitt Street Farmer’s Wife. Twice!
The second farming experience was with a city husband and a couple of kids. He set out to make a fortune growing poplars for matchsticks, a tax break encouraged by the government. We also had cattle. The poplars grew well on good river flats, then were ruined by rust fungus. The cattle developed blackleg, a blood poisoning, never known in the area before.
Twenty years and another husband later it was 2000 goats on marginal land nine hours out of Sydney. We were going to breed them up and make a fortune selling their cashmere wool. Goats get over any fence, but the problem wasn’t ours getting out. It was the feral rams getting in and having their wicked, wild brown ways with our precious white nannies. I learned to be a good shot. Our barley crop died for lack of water. And we couldn’t compete with Chinese cashmere anyway.
We learned the truth of the saying “Live as if you’re going to die tomorrow, farm as if you’re going to live forever.” And it’s frighteningly hard work, often with little sleep.
This book – Farming Families in Australia – travels across the proverbial wide brown land and talks to eight families who are more than heroic as they deal with the cruel realities of drought, distance, flooding rains and simultaneously all the complexities of any family life. Serious illness, death, money, marriage, intergenerational tensions, deep disappointments, accidents, high hopes and achievements.
These eight families are tenacious, brave, tough as boots, kind and tireless. Without taking that away from them, sometimes a reader might feel their lives are a bit too extraordinary, their resilience too remarkable, to be the whole story. Perhaps that’s churlish, and a result of reading too many reports of farmers being forced off their land, or living in dire and meagre circumstances. The figures are rubbery, but there are many farmers leaving the land, big corporations industrialising agriculture, cattle in huge feedlots, mining giants at the gate.
The book deliberately sets out to be inspiring as the author, Deb Hunt, gives each of eight families a chapter on “the Australian spirit at its best” as the blurb says. It delivers.
For instance, just in bare bones: Ian and Merry Jackson take on a huge property, and have three kids in six years, and in shearing time might get four hours sleep a night. A flood destroys their home. Later a 10 year drought is followed by l0 inches of rain in half a day, and paddocks are inundated. At one stage, hugely in debt, interest rates rise to 18%. Sheep were 20cents each in the 1970s years later they sell for $50 a head.
The eight families have lived through dramatic changes; new marketing, new technologies, new crops, new genetics, new ways of trading. But they struggle, work, survive.
And always, always there’s the weather, the animals, human nature and human tenacity. Unless you’re born into it, you’d have to have rocks.
Kirsten Marcussen.

Life of Australian farmers revealed in Deb Hunt’s gripping tales

Life of Australian farmers revealed in Deb Hunt’s gripping tales





Life of Australian farmers revealed in Deb Hunt’s gripping tales

When Lyn French met Daphne Gear off the train on a hot Queensland day, it was her Mary Poppins moment. Despite having completed only four years of schooling herself, Lyn had been trying to teach her three young children at home on Gilberton Station, many kilometres inland from Townsville. She had survived an abusive childhood, cervical cancer and a house fire that reduced the family’s belongings to ash, but teaching the children was beyond her. The arrival of Daphne was a godsend. Not only did the new governess teach the children to read, she taught Lyn as well and in the process changed her life.
Lyn’s story is one of eight tales in Australian Farming Families. Author Deb Hunt clocked up thousands of kilometres as she headed into rural and remote spots to track down the stories behind the farms and the people behind the drought headlines.
Farmers are a contracting breed, with their numbers having fallen by more than 40 per cent in the past 30 years according the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It may be this drop, meaning fewer Australians have direct family links to rural life, that feeds an ongoing fascination with life on the land and the regular crop of books about this increasingly exotic species.
It’s not only farmer numbers that are falling; a way of life is changing. Farmers were long considered the pioneers. Today, they are adapting to changing conditions and adopting new technologies, while making less from each animal, crop and hectare than their parents did. It is this tension between the modern and the traditional that makes for a fascinating read.
Hunt freely confesses her sentimentality about rural Australia and her ignorance of all things agricultural in the introduction. Her “city girl” approach (slightly disingenuous, given she has also written a memoir about her time living in Broken Hill and working for the Royal Flying Doctor Service) helps bridge the gap between a presumed urban readership and the larger-than-life, almost unbelievably resilient characters on the land. And when the tales become almost too tall to believe, Hunt’s urban-dweller bemusement keeps the reader onside.
The families battle cancer; lose children, spouses, friends; go into terrifying debt; negotiate issues of family farm inheritance; fight for childcare centres and education opportunities; love and struggle with their parents and in-laws; adopt new technologies; and worry about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Some are vegan, organic or biodynamic; all are mainstream farmers battling tight margins, changing climates and increased regulation to make their living in a complex industry.
Hunt invites readers to marvel along with her at the lives of people such as Tasmanian couple Virginia and Steve Chilcott. Steve spends bitterly cold nights outdoors checking calving cows while Virginia risked everything at age 23 on the purchase of a centre-pivot irrigator to modernise her farm. Their romance has elements familiar to most urbanites: a previous history of unsuccessful relationships, a flurry of texts while courting, and the juggling of two careers. In the Chilcotts’ case, each owned their own farm (80km apart) and the juggling involved taking turns to overnight, with whoever didn’t drive doing the cooking, and 4.30am departures. They kept their farm businesses even after the arrival of three children.
The Hughes family, east of Roma in Queensland, have tried every known strategy for running a beef enterprise. Philip and Adele Hughes managed a station for the Stanbroke Pastoral Company, bought their own family stations, supplied farmers markets and their own butcher’s shop, and established a paddock-to-plate business producing premium beef. Along the way, they’ve tackled the tricky question of farm inheritance and can still laugh, ruefully, when Hunt asks if they have made any money.
Jo and Dave Fulwood met in Melbourne. They both loved cafe culture and Jo assumed they would live and work in London. Instead, a family crisis sent them back to the land, where they now run a hi-tech cropping farm inland from Perth that ‘‘bristles with heavy machinery run by state-of-the-art GPS’’. Jo, who initially hated the farm and its hot summers, threw herself into setting up a local childcare centre and succeeded — against the odds, of course.
As the number of farmers declines, books about rural and outback life increase. Rural romances, biographies, stories of dogs, rabbits, vets and tractors, and tales of ordinary life far from the city continue to build the mystique of Australia’s remote landscapes and the people who can live in them and off them. Such people are unlike city readers and just like them.
This book has gaps. Hunt shies away from the question of what happened when rural settlers came face to face with the continent’s original inhabitants, deciding to leave the subject alone in her interviews when it raises its head. It’s doubtful these eight farming families are typical, if such a thing exists, nor does the book show rural Australia’s cultural diversity. Hunt admits her selection rests on her subjects’ abilities to overcome hardship, battle the odds and emerge victorious. Their stories are intense, their lives epic in quality. It’s hard to imagine all rural families live like this. But the inherent challenges that rural life imposes on Australian farmers make for eight gripping tales.
Jesse Blackadder is a Byron Bay, NSW-based author and reviewer.
Australian Farming Families: Inspiring True Stories of Life on the Land
By Deb Hunt
Macmillan, 330pp, $29.99

Monday, March 11, 2019

About The Conversation Our charter



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Sunday, March 3, 2019

Leading causes of mortality the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population

Leading causes of mortality the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population

1.23 Leading causes of mortality

Why is it important?

Mortality rates are a useful measure of the overall health status of a population, particularly to compare one population with another or to measure improvements over time. The gap between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and the rest of the Australian population for particular causes of death provides an indication of the prevention, prevalence and management of particular diseases for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, relative to the rest of the population. This provides a useful indication of the diseases that have a greater impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. However, some significant health problems will not be reflected in mortality statistics; many conditions that cause serious health problems may not be fatal (such as depression, arthritis and intellectual disability) and so do not appear as common causes of death. As health status and health services improve for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, it is anticipated that premature mortality will reduce over time.

Findings

During the period 2008–12, in the five jurisdictions with adequate quality data (NSW, Qld, WA, SA and the NT), the most common cause of death among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was circulatory diseases (25% of all deaths), followed by neoplasms (including cancer) (20%) and external causes (15%). Circulatory diseases were also the most common cause of death for non-Indigenous Australians followed by cancer. After adjusting for age, circulatory disease accounted for the largest gap in death rates (24% of the gap) followed by endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (including diabetes) (21%); neoplasms (including cancer) (12%); and respiratory diseases (12%). Deaths due to diabetes were 6 times higher for Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Australians and the leading cause of the gap for females. While the pattern of the leading causes of Indigenous deaths were the same across jurisdictions, the leading causes contributing to the gap varied: in NSW and WA the largest gap was in circulatory diseases, in Qld and the NT it was endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (including diabetes) and in SA it was external causes.
For Indigenous Australians, the leading causes of death due to external causes were suicide (32%), transport accidents (26%), accidental poisoning (11%), assault (11%) and accidental drowning (4%). Around 60% of these deaths were for people between 15 and 39 years of age. For non-Indigenous Australians external causes made up 6% of all deaths. For the total Australian population, the leading external causes of death were suicide (27%), accidental falls (22%) and transport accidents (16%) (ABS 2014f). Mortality rates for circulatory diseases showed the largest decline in deaths for both Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Between 1998 and 2012 there was a significant decline of 40% in death rates due to circulatory diseases for Indigenous Australians and a significant narrowing of the gap. A study in the NT found that while there was an increase in incidence of acute myocardial infarction between 1992 and 2004 for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, at the same time there was an improvement in survival due to reductions in death both pre-hospital and after hospital admission (You et al. 2009).
Between 1998 and 2012 there was a significant decline in mortality rates due to respiratory disease for Indigenous Australians (by 27%) and a significant narrowing of the gap. For kidney disease mortality there was a significant decrease in both the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mortality rate and the gap (over the period 2006 to 2012). Since 2006 there has been a significant increase in the age-standardised mortality gap due to cancer, reflecting an increase in mortality rates for Indigenous Australians and a decrease in rates for non-Indigenous Australians. For injury deaths, there was no significant reduction in short-term trends, or in the longer term. No significant changes were detected for diabetes mortality rates or the gap in diabetes mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Implications

Chronic conditions account for approximately 70% of Indigenous deaths and 81% of the gap in mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians (including circulatory diseases, diabetes, cancer, kidney and respiratory diseases). In the period 1998–2012 there was a significant decline in mortality due to chronic diseases and a significant narrowing of the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. External causes such as suicide and transport accidents are also important contributors to the gap in mortality; however, there have been no significant changes in these deaths over time.
The health system can contribute to sustained improvements, in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, through identification of Indigenous clients, health promotion, early detection, chronic disease management and specialist and acute care to treat the more severe outcomes. A recent study of the gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the NT found socio-economic disadvantage was the leading factor accounting for one-third to one-half of the gap (Zhao et al. 2013a). Another recent study found chronic disease mortality increased with remoteness, reflecting differentials in health care and socio-economic status across areas. This finding was consistent across Australia and within most states and territories (Chondur et al. 2014). Improved management of chronic diseases can prevent the development of life-threatening complications but cannot cure these diseases. For example, a study of incidence and survival of acute myocardial infarction found improvements in survival for the NT Indigenous population associated with pre-hospital management of conditions. Also within-hospital specialised coronary care services and greater emphasis on post-hospital management was a factor in improved survival rates (You et al. 2009). Another study in the NT found the largest gains for the Indigenous population in avoidable mortality were for conditions amenable to medical care, but only marginal change for potentially preventable conditions such as lung cancer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and motor vehicle accidents (Li et al. 2009).
The 20–24 year age group had the highest number of deaths from suicide while deaths due to transport accidents were highest in the 15–19 year age group. Acute care services can save the lives of seriously injured people, and there is scope for improvements in timely access to life-saving emergency care for Indigenous Australians. High levels of intentional self-harm highlight the need for cross-sectoral approaches to healing, self-esteem and social and emotional wellbeing (see measure 1.18).
Closing the gap in life expectancy between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians within a generation has been adopted as a target by COAG. In the five years since the target was set there has been limited time for investment to impact on population level death rates. For example, reductions in population level smoking rates take five years to impact on heart disease and up to twenty years for cancer. Improvements in educational attainment will take 20 to 30 years to impact on early deaths from chronic disease in the middle years. The results signal the need for significant and concerted efforts to continue improving Indigenous health outcomes, both directly through health interventions and by addressing the social determinants of health