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The Making of Asian America: A History (9781476739403): Erika Lee: Books

Amazon.com: The Making of Asian America: A History (9781476739403): Erika Lee: Books




Editorial Reviews

Review


**Winner of the Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature**
**A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of 2015**


"Sweeping . . . Lee's comprehensive history traces the experiences of myriad Asian-American communities, from Chinese laborers in 1850s California to Hmong refugees in 1980s Minnesota. . . . The Making of Asian America shares strong similarities with other broad inclusive Asian-American histories, most obviously Ronald Takaki's Strangers From a Different Shore, first published in 1989. Lee's book doesn't radically depart from its predecessors so much as provide a useful and important upgrade by broadening the scope and, at times, deepening the investigations. . . . Fascinating. . . . I suspect Erika Lee will soon join [the canon of key Asian-American histories]." (Oliver Wang The New York Times Book Review)

"In this fascinating retelling of the American creation story, Lee uses incisive scholarship, a wide historic lens and rich detail to fill in the long missing Asian-American pieces. Starting with ancient Greece and the Age of Exploration, from enslavement to modern day challenges, Lee tracks the epic Asian-American journey to North and South Americas, East Indies to West Indies, and in doing so, she breaks new ground and inverts the master narrative." (Helen Zia, author of Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People)

"The Making of Asian America is a path-breaking approach to Asian American history. Professor Lee will challenge and surprise most of her readers. . . . She is clearly now a distinct and important voice in a debate of growing complexity." (Roger Daniels, author of Coming to America and Charles Phelps Taft Professor Emeritus of History, University of Cincinnati)

"A stunning achievement, The Making of Asian America establishes the centrality of Asians to American history, and poses alternatives to US national and immigration histories. Asians, this remarkable text reveals, transformed the face of America, and they locate the US firmly within a hemispheric and global order." (Gary Y. Okihiro, Professor of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University)

"Building on the best and newest scholarship, Erika Lee has written a sweeping yet personal and critical history of Asian Americans across centuries, continents, and diverse cultures without losing sight of the global, racial, and historical contexts of Asian migration, exclusion, and resettlement. A definitive and ideal text for college classes and the general public, The Making of Asian America is truly an enjoyable, informative, and insightful read." (Judy Yung, Professor Emerita of American Studies, UC Santa Cruz, and author of Unbound Feet)

“A fascinating narrative. . . . Deftly weaving together a masterful synthesis of the existing literature with new information culled from hitherto untapped archival sources and with analytical insights on the global currents that have shaped the last five centuries, Erika Lee has created a richly textured tapestry enlivened by vivid stories of hundreds of individuals and groups who played significant, though often unsung, roles in the making of Asian America.” (Sucheng Chan, Professor Emerita of Asian American Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara)

“Monumental. . . . Lee handles her scholarly materials with grace, never overwhelming the reader with too many facts or incidents. She tells an American story familiar to anyone who has read Walt Whitman, seeking to capture America in all its diversity and difference, while at the same time pleading for America to realize its democratic potential. . . . Powerful Asian American stories . . . are inspiring, and Lee herself does them justice in a book that is long overdue.” (LA Times)

"A well-written, panoramic view of Asian America from the colonial era to the present that sheds light on how Asian immigrants have sought to make their place in American society and, at the same time, continually changed it." (Nancy Foner, coauthor of Strangers No More and Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Hunter College and Graduate Center, CUNY)

"A sweeping study of the fastest growing group in the United States that underscores the shameful racist regard white Americans have long held for Asian immigrants. A historian of immigration whose ancestors hailed from China, Lee (History/Univ. of Minnesota) delineates the specific history of Asians in America—Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hmong, and others—while also lending a general sense of what immigrants have endured: discrimination in work, wages, education, and housing, and even incarceration during World War II. . . . A powerful, timely story told with method and dignity." (Kirkus (starred review))

“Accessibly written for a wide readership, The Making of Asian America opens important, new perspectives on the relationship of the U.S. and the world.” (Donna Gabaccia, Professor of History, University of Toronto Scarborough)

"Pokes holes in the 'model minority' myth by pointing out that Asians in the United States are overrepresented at both ends of the socioeconomic spectrum, and that before World War II, the group was frequently portrayed as being incompatible with American society. An impressive work that details how this diverse population has both swayed and been affected by the United States. Highly recommended for readers interested in this important topic." (Library Journal (starred review))

"Erika Lee’s new narrative of Asian American history deserves consideration to complement, if not supplant, celebrated earlier syntheses. Incorporating compelling revisionist approaches, Lee peels back several centuries of time to locate the origins of Chinese in America to the founding of the Spanish empire in America in the sixteenth century. . . . She further insists on the mainstreaming of Asian American history in the United States." (Evelyn Hu-DeHart, Professor of History and American Studies, Brown University)

“In her sweeping, powerful new book, Lee considers the rich, complicated, and sometimes invisible histories of Asians in the United States.” (Huffington Post)

“Comprehensive, informative, and engaging. . . . The Making of Asian America is full of fascinating stories about immigrants who left a mark on their adopted country.” (The Oregonian)

"Epic and eye-opening." (Minneapolis Star-Tribune)

"An ambitious, sweeping, and insightful survey." (Publishers Weekly)

"The Making of Asian America chronicles the past and connects it to the present. . . . an important document of history." (Minneapolis Post)

"Racism, as Lee shows, was the unifying factor in the Asian-American experience, bringing together twenty-three distinct immigrant groups, from very different parts of the world. . . . In the eyes of some, Asians in America are, Lee writes, 'perpetual foreigners at worst, or probationary Americans at best.' If Asians sometimes remain silent in the face of racism, and if some seem to work unusually hard in the face of this difficult history, it is not because they want to be part of a 'model minority,' but because they have often had no other choice." (The New Yorker)

“Accessible yet sweeping. . . . Synthesizing many of the exciting discoveries and arguments that have emerged in the field of Asian American history in the past few decades, The Making of Asian America is a must-read for anyone curious about the U.S. and its history.” (Book Riot)
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About the Author


Erika Lee is the granddaughter of Chinese immigrants who entered the United States through both Angel Island and Ellis Island. She grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area and received her PhD from the University of California at Berkeley. She teaches history at the University of Minnesota, where she is also the Rudolph J. Vecoli Chair in Immigration History and Director of the Immigration History Research Center. She is the author of The Making of Asian America, Angel Island (with Judy Yung), and At America’s Gates.See all Editorial Reviews

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Product Details

Hardcover: 528 pages
Publisher: Simon & Schuster (September 1, 2015)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1476739404
ISBN-13: 978-1476739403
Product Dimensions: 6 x 1.5 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars See all reviews (17 customer reviews)
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #302,765 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
#144 in Books > Politics & Social Sciences > Social Sciences > Specific Demographics > Asian American Studies
#178 in Books > History > Americas > United States > Immigrants
#2906 in Books > History > Historical Study & Educational Resources



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Biography
Erika Lee is the granddaughter of Chinese immigrants who entered the United States through both Angel Island and Ellis Island. She grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area and received her Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley.

She teaches history at the University of Minnesota, where she is also the Rudolph J. Vecoli Chair in Immigration History and Director of the Immigration History Research Center. (www.ihrc.umn.edu)

Passionate about preserving the histories of America's diverse immigrants, Erika gives presentations around the country and has written several articles and two award-winning books. She has been the recipient of numerous national awards, including best book awards from the Immigration and Ethnic History Society, the Association for Asian American Studies, the American Librarians Association, and the Western Historical Association. In 2015, she received the Immigrant Heritage Award from the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation. In 2016, the received the Pioneer Award from OCA - Advocates for Asian Pacific Americans. She lives in Minneapolis with her husband and two sons.

Customer Reviews
4.4 out of 5 stars---

“I never knew that this happened”

Erika Lee’s America is the continent itself revealing Asian impact on South America and the Caribbean well before the formation of the USA but the bulk of the story is America’s treatment of what were viewed as the oriental – the other – and it is not a happy tale. That said, it is a beautifully written scholarly inquire into how Asians have been rejected, accepted, and have developed their own identities in a constantly changing political universe.
Packed full of detail the reader may wish to skim and skip ahead but the delightful human tales along the way will likely suppress that urge. You will want to know how the forces being described can be resolved or blunted. Ignorance, hate, animosity and fear; pride, intelligence, compassion and resolve battle in our nation’s history to find their way; Lee doesn’t miss a beat. As she indicates at the end, the story is very much still in process as America becomes more Asian in composition and more global in direction. A good read.
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4.0 out of 5 starsInteresting account of all Asian communities in the us
ByKartik Kanakasabesanon May 14, 2016
Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase

A must read for anyone who is interested about the Asian community's influence in the United States... Especially with all the hardships faced
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4.0 out of 5 starsWe are all Americans!
ByDanny Ganikoon May 21, 2016
Format: Kindle Edition|Verified Purchase

I'm an Asian American of Japanese descent and was enlightened by the struggles that other Asian Americans encountered. The most recent immigrants' stories made me realize that we all have not "made it." Worthwhile for other Americans to read.
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4.0 out of 5 starsAn Excellent Overview of Asian U.S. Immigration Struggles and Injustices
ByTanukion December 12, 2015
Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase

As everyone says, this book is an eye opener for those of us who hadn't realized the struggles Asian immigrants have endured in coming to the U.S., as this is not often discussed in the general media. This book focuses on injustices and anti-Asian biases in American history to the present, and activism in response to these conditions, so other issues are only peripherally addressed. Comprehensive and wide-ranging, this is an overview, an introduction, and reads like a text book--not what I would call "beautifully written" at all--but it is clear, to-the-point, and accomplishes its purpose of calling serious attention to important issues concerning significant numbers of people. One has to admire and applaud the sheer effort it must have taken to bring this study into existence.
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Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People: Helen Zia: 9780374527365: Amazon.com: Books

Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People: Helen Zia: 9780374527365: Amazon.com: Books



Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People 1st Edition

by Helen Zia  (Author)

4.0 out of 5 stars    34 customer reviews

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The fascinating story of the rise of Asian Americans as a politically and socially influential racial group





This groundbreaking book is about the transformation of Asian Americans from a few small, disconnected, and largely invisible ethnic groups into a self-identified racial group that is influencing every aspect of American society. It explores the junctures that shocked Asian Americans into motion and shaped a new consciousness, including the murder of Vincent Chin, a Chinese American, by two white autoworkers who believed he was Japanese; the apartheid-like working conditions of Filipinos in the Alaska canneries; the boycott of Korean American greengrocers in Brooklyn; the Los Angeles riots; and the casting of non-Asians in the Broadway musical Miss Saigon. The book also examines the rampant stereotypes of Asian Americans.



Helen Zia, the daughter of Chinese immigrants, was born in the 1950s when there were only 150,000 Chinese Americans in the entire country, and she writes as a personal witness to the dramatic changes involving Asian Americans.



Written for both Asian Americans -- the fastest-growing population in the United States -- and non-Asians, Asian American Dreams argues that America can no longer afford to ignore these emergent, vital, and singular American people.

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

While growing up in New Jersey in the 1950s and '60s, Zia was provided with plenty of American history by her teachers, while her father inundated her with stories of China's past. Yet she was left wondering about people like herself, Asian Americans, who seemed to be "MIH--Missing in History." In this ambitious and richly detailed account of the formation of the Asian-American community--which extends from the first major wave of immigration to Gold Mountain" (as the Chinese dubbed America during the gold rush) to the recent influx of Southeast Asians, who since 1975 have nearly doubled the Asian-American population--Zia fills those absences, while examining the complex origins of the events she relates. The result is a vivid personal and national history, in which Zia guides us through a range of recent flash points that have galvanized the Asian-American community. Among them are the brutal, racially motivated murder of Vincent Chin in Detroit in 1982; the devastating riots in Los Angeles in 1992, where almost half of the $1 billion in damages to the city were sustained by Korean-American shop owners; and the embattled South Asian New York City cab drivers who, in May of 1998, banded together with the New York Taxi Workers alliance and pulled off a citywide strike. The recent boom in the Asian-American population (from half a million in the 1950s to 7.3 million in 1990), coupled with Zia's fresh perspective, makes it unlikely that their stories will go missing again. (Mar.)

Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.



From Library Journal

Asian Americans have only recently emerged as a cohesive, self-identified racial group. Now, award-winning Asian American journalist Zia traces the changing politics and cultures of this significant but disjointed group of people by examining the incidents that helped galvanize them. Drawing on both family stories and public events (everything from the Vincent Chin affair to the boycott of Korean American--owned stores in Brooklyn) Zia surveys the history of Asian Americans, the rapid development of their new political force, and the unique issues they face. This well-written book is an important addition to the growing field of Asian American studies. Recommended for public and academic libraries.

-Mee-Len Hom, Hunter Coll. Lib., New York

Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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5.0 out of 5 starsIntriguing perspective into Asian Americans' lives

ByElisha Jung Hwa Yangon June 15, 2010

Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase

I came across this book because I was writing a final paper for a Rhetoric class and had to write on the subject of interracial marriage. As an American-born Asian and second generation, I took the stand for pro-interratial marriage and relationships. However while reading this book, I learned a lot of key events that have occurred in the United States over the last couple decades that helped me understand more deeply about why my parents are so traditional while my aunts and uncles in South Korea are so modern, and why they are so protective all the time. Major themes in the book were youth being in limbo trying to identify with a new culture vs. holding on to an old one. What Helen Zia says we should all be doing is sharing all cultures. We don't have to lose one to gain one. We can be p-----

5.0 out of 5 starsWhere are you from?

ByE.Rowon November 20, 2002

Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase

I remember as a young child, other kids would ask me, "Where are you from?" Even though I was a native U.S. citizen, I would answer "Korea" without even thinking about it. Their response would be a blank stare and a "Where?" They all knew China, and even Japan, but rarely Korea. I grew up thinking that I was from a place that no one knew existed. Now when people ask me, "Where are you from?" I answer "Los Angeles," and I receive the response, "You know what I mean. Really, where are you from?" This question has plagued me throughout my life. People assume I cannot simply be an American - I must be a foreigner.

What Helen Zia has done is taken this universal experience among Asian Americans and transformed it into a quest to learn what it means to be Asian and American. She examines pivotal points in Asian American history and acknowledges racism, but also examines what Asian Americans must do as a whole to become seen as "American" and not as a "gook" or a "chink." As a college student who's done a little bit of research on Asian Americans, it enlightened me on my responsibilites to make my voice heard and also educated me on the history of the Asian American Civil Rights Movement - something that didn't even exist 60 years ago.

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5.0 out of 5 starsFantastic Book

ByFrancisco Hernandezon May 4, 2011

Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase

Here is a wonderful author who is not afraid to express her views and opinions on what happened in the Asian American Diaspora. She is a skilled writer who engages the reader with ease and makes you want to continue reading. Not only was she the author of this book, but Helen Zia also participated in many of the protests engaged during the Civil Rights Movement. It wasn't just the Black Power movement that made the Civil Rights. It was the combination of coalitions created by all colored and white groups fighting for the same demands of equality, education, prosperity, liberty, and happiness. In Asian American Dreams, she puts into focus certain mind-shaping events that helped propel the Asian American movement during the late 60's and 70's. A must read for any person wishing to understand the Asian involvement in Civil Rights.

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5.0 out of 5 starsIt's a good schoolbook

ByJonathan Snoekon September 21, 2013

Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase

I've read two chapters so far and there is so much food for thought about justice issues. I think it's helpful in thinking about national solidarity with migrant workers and taxi cab drivers.

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4.0 out of 5 starsEnlightening book bought on Amazon

ByChristine M. Slatteryon February 12, 2012

Format: Paperback|Verified Purchase

This book was very well written and enjoyable. It was bought for a class at Northwestern University, but proved to be more than just another book to read. It showed a part of the Asian culture that is rarely understood by the rest of American culture. I would recommend it.

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5.0 out of 5 starsRequired Reading for All Asian Americans and Americans Alike

ByJ. Nguyenon April 20, 2000

Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase

A strong contribution to the current scholarship on APIs and issues of civil rights and identity. Through the use of personal anecdotes and civil rights case studies, sends a clear message for a call to action. It encapsulates all of the previous knowledge that I have acquired about our historical pattern of discrimination and how we are viewed by mainstream American into one comprehensive work.

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5.0 out of 5 starsBest of the best!

ByA customeron March 29, 2000

Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase

Helen Zia's book is a must read for all Americans -- Asian or non-Asian. What I like most about the book is simply how wonderfully it is written. It is a pure joy to read. Her account of the Vincent Chin murder and the aftermath is particularly well done; it made me feel like I was there. "Asian American Dreams" is the foremost chronicle of the Asian American scene today, and Ms. Zia is the James Baldwin/Cornell West of Asian American writers.

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5.0 out of 5 starsStories to the Asian American modern era

ByL. Poonon October 9, 2013

Format: Hardcover|Verified Purchase

I love the stories of Asian Americans, it has extraordinary details, and it express dreams. I recommend this good book.

Goodreads | Rethinking the Asian American Movement by Daryl J. Maeda — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists

Goodreads | Rethinking the Asian American Movement by Daryl J. Maeda — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists




Rethinking the Asian A...
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Rethinking the Asian American Movement
by Daryl J. Maeda
3.29 · Rating Details · 7 Ratings · 2 Reviews
Although it is one of the least-known social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, the Asian American movement drew upon some of the most powerful currents of the era, and had a wide-ranging impact on the political landscape of Asian America, and more generally, the United States. Using the racial discourse of the black power and other movements, as well as antiwar activist and the global decolonization movements, the Asian American movement succeeded in creating a multi-ethnic alliance of Asians in the United States and gave them a voice in their own destinies.

Rethinking the Asian American Movement provides a short, accessible overview of this important social and political movement, highlighting key events and key figures, the movement's strengths and weaknesses, how it intersected with other social and political movements of the time, and its lasting effect on the country. It is perfect for anyone wanting to obtain an introduction to the Asian American movement of the twentieth century. (less)
Unknown Binding, 201 pages
Published January 1st 2012 by Routledge

COMMUNITY REVIEWS

Jan 17, 2015janet rated it liked it
Shelves: non-fiction
This is basically a textbook but it has vital information about the legacy that various Asian American activists left in the 1960s and 1970s that has been hidden from history. Even Zinn in his A People's History of The United Statesleaves their contributions out, and this book offers a correction to Zinn by inclusion of this aspect of political activity of the people. What is offered theoretically is the analysis of the Asian American Movement as coalitional across "race" most importantly uncovering Asian American collaboration with and inspiration from the Black Power movement and the connections made internationally with Postcolonial revolutions. Maeda also reveals the crucial nature of Filipino American activism in the UFW movement and Asian American support for the cause. Conflicts over class/national orientation, the transnational or assimilationist strains were contrasted with Frank Chin's ideas. In the ending, Maeda concludes that the movement is over and questions the continued relevance of the concept of an Asian American group - perhaps similar to Spivak and Lowe's suggestion of a strategic essentialism that is continuously critiqued. (less)

Asian Americans Aren't 'Basically White' – Here Are 5 Ways Racism Hurts Us - Everyday Feminism

Asian Americans Aren't 'Basically White' – Here Are 5 Ways Racism Hurts Us - Everyday Feminism



everyday feminism

Asian Americans Aren’t ‘Basically White’ – Here Are 5 Ways Racism Hurts Us

June 5, 2016 by Kim Tran


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Profile of someone on a black background. They have long black hair, dangling gold earrings, and a serious expression.

I am Asian American and I hate teaching Asian American Studies. I’ve been doing it for about 5 years now and I regret to say it’s one of the most harrowing and downright painful experiences I repeatedly endure.

Is it because I hate my own kind? Absolutely not.

It’s because I frequently find that my students say some problematic, frightening, and downright erroneous things to resist seeing themselves as people of color who are oppressed. These include but are not limited to the following:

“No one’s ever been racist toward me.”

“It’s not like we’re Black.”

“We haven’t experienced racism in this country.”

“It’s worse in my home country.”

…or my least favorite and the inspiration for this article,

“We’re basically white.”

All of these things are untrue. Well, except for the second one because, unless you’re mixed race, we’re definitely not Black. That being said, I get it.

When I was younger, I saw Chinese folks who had nice houses, good educations, who spoke fluent English. And I saw Black folks who lived with the dehumanizing effects of anti-black racism.

Between those examples and Asian stereotypes, I thought, well yeah, maybe we’re just like white people.

Maybe if I work really hard, I can make it, too.

I bought into all the nonsense Asian Americans are taught to believe about our identities, our histories and our present in this country. I rejoiced when called a “twinkie” or a “banana” (white on the inside, yellow on the outside).

I thought because the racism I knew was different from the kind my Latinx and Black friends were familiar with, that it wasn’t legitimate. Wasn’t real. Wasn’t that bad.

Yet while our experiences as Asian Americans differ from other groups, we — like all other people of color in the United States — live with the daily ramifications of white supremacy. And that distinguishes us from white America.

I generally use the following equation to define racism:

Racism = power + prejudice

There are a tons of ways to define prejudice including but not limited to: cognitive, emotional or behavioral; you can read more about that here.

But prejudice alone doesn’t constitute racism. It’s also power: formal, institutional and material power.

An example would be the difference between a single person calling someone a Jap and the internment of Japanese Americans. The former is an act perpetrated by an individual while the latter is the state (or government) facilitated mass incarceration of an entire community based on race.

If we use the above equation it becomes clear that all Asian Americans experience racism because we experience these two things: prejudice and oppression from systems of power, together.

Now why do I want to point this out? Isn’t ignorance bliss? In a way it would be wonderful for all of us to erroneously think we’re immune to racism and that in fact we’re so close to whiteness socially and structurally it really doesn’t matter.

But if we continue along this route, we’re 1) simply wrong (in countless ways that I’m about to illustrate with this list) and 2) allowing ourselves to be divided from communities of color working toward equality both for us Asian Americans specifically and racial justice more generally.

So are you with me, beautiful community? Here’s how America was and continues to be racist against Asian Americans, and I’m not just talking about gross white dudes who are only into dating Asian women.
1. American Law and Foreign Policy Have Forcibly Excluded and Colonized Us

The very first law limiting immigration based on race was aimed at — you guessed it — Asians, Chinese folks more specifically.

The policy was called The Chinese Exclusion Act and it was a signed into United States federal law in 1882. It was exactly what it sounds like, a law that barred Chinese people from entering the United States.

Why?

Because Americans blamed high levels of unemployment and declining wages on Chinese workers — and don’t worry, you’re not alone if you think this sounds familiar to an argument we’re currently having about borders and a different migrant community. #MakeAmericaRacistAgain

The Chinese Exclusion Act was followed by countless other American policies restricting Asian immigration.

The Page Act barred “undesirables” generally, and Chinese women specifically, because they were assumed to be “prostitutes”.

Then there’s my all time favorite, the Asiatic Barred Zone Act that limited immigration from a broad part of the Asian continent because we were (get ready for this) “homosexuals,” “idiots,” “feeble-minded,” “criminals,” “epileptics,” “insane,” alcoholics,” “mentally or physically defective,” “polygamists,” and “anarchists.”

It further prevented illiterate people from immigrating to the US, let alone vote, which means the same literacy battles that we’re fighting when it comes to voting in southern and rural Black communities, Asian folks also fought and continue to fight.

Wait, there’s more.

Jason Kim Ph.D states “if there is one thing that unites all Asians, it’s the way America has used us to increase its own political power.” This fact is exemplified by the land wars America has waged across Asia.

The American War in Vietnam killed estimates of up to 4 million people in that peninsula alone and an additional 1 million in the region.

The Korean War took up to 3 million lives.

And just this year, the legacy of colonialism in the Philippines allowed the U.S. government to install five new military bases in the archipelago.

Racism in Asia and against Asian Americans has deep American roots that affect our communities to this very day.
2. Current American Laws Discriminate Against Us

Have you ever wondered why most Asian countries are impoverished with huge gaps between the rich and the poor, yet Asians in America seem to do so well? Wonder no more!

America has a habit of cherry picking only highly skilled technical workers to come to its shores. Immigration policies like H1B1 visas legalize preferences for only the most formally educated Asians to come to the United States.

In former presidential candidate Senator Marco Rubio’s words, an extension of H1B1 visas opens the gates for only “the smartest, hardest-working, most talented people on this planet.” The bias is so slanted that Rubio added, “I have no fear that this country is going to be overrun by Ph.D.s.”

At the same time, it’s difficult for poor Asians to immigrate and be successful in the United States. The Obama Administration has deported upwards of 250,000 Asian people who are parents and children. These folks often work for little to no pay, contrasting the model minority myth.

Asians who legally immigrate can be strikingly different from Asian folks in Asia. They’re a deliberately skewed population of the best and the brightest.
3. We’re Never On TV“Asians are nearly invisible in Hollywood. Only 1 out of 20 speaking roles go to Asians. And 1% of lead roles in films go to Asians.” Source: AJ+


With the stunning exception of ABC’s Fresh Off the Boat, Asians are almost never on screen, let alone in starring roles.

Fresh Off the Boat is the first time we’ve seen an entire Asian American family starring in a sitcom since Margaret Cho’s All American Girl in 1994 — 22 years ago.

Recently, social media has made it easier to notice that even when Asian roles are written into films, white people are cast to play us. This phenomenon is called yellowface.

In 2016 alone, we saw Scarlett Johansen, Tilda Swinton and Emma Stone cast in roles to play Japanese and Chinese women.

Asian Americans pushed back with #MyYellowFaceStory and #StarringJohnCho as responses to the fact that we’re never fucking on screen — even to play members of our own communities.

If you’re wondering why this matters, Michael Brody, the chair of the media committee of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, has said children are affected when they don’t see themselves represented on TV.

In a study published by academic journal Communication Research, researchers found watching TV with limited or negative exposure of your communities causes a decrease in self esteem. Seeing ourselves reflected — and reflected positively — in media matters.

And Asian Americans see ourselves in films and on TV less than any other racial/ethnic group in America.
4. We Literally Work Twice as Hard for Half as Much

My dad wanted me to be a doctor. Or a lawyer. On the rare occasion that I saw him, he’d incessantly remind me what was in store for my future.

Although I do hope one day earn a doctorate, I am painfully aware that my professional accomplishments are the exception, not the norm.

And they can only get me so far within white supremacy.

Because despite the increasing levels of wealth and education for many Asian Americans, when it comes to property and work, we’re still experiencing racism.

A study published in the Administrative Science Quarterly Journal found that when Asian people “whitened” their names on resumes, they got called back for jobs 21% of the time compared to only 11.5% of the time if their names remained unchanged.

Moreover, the federal department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) did a study in 2012. They found if an Asian and a white person walk into a real estate agent’s office with the same economic profile, the Asian person will only be shown only half the number of homes for sale.

Regardless of being told we’re better at math, school, and generally working harder than any other race, we still lag behind most white Americans.
5. The Model Minority Myth Is Used Against Us

The model minority myth is a response to how Asians were historically excluded from citizenship.

Before the 1950’s America perceived Chinese people as foreign and vile (see the above list of undesirable qualities). So first as a WWII tactic to secure an allegiance with China against Japan, then as a means of quelling a national juvenile delinquency crisis, Chinese youths were stereotyped as those with “unquestioned obedience” and a “high moral sense.”

Today, this stereotype is used to justify legislature that would create a more even playing field for all marginalized communities including Cambodian, Hmong, Vietnamese and Pacific Islanders who have lower levels of educational attainment than their Chinese counterparts.

But because of the myth, even Asians often fail to support policies like affirmative action.

One of the reasons I find solidarity challenging with other Asian folks is because being a first generation Vietnamese American can be very different from being a 4th or 5th generation Chinese American.

In terms of class, education, and linguistic isolation, my community is much more similar to Latinxs than to most East Asian folks in America — but that doesn’t mean there aren’t commonalities.


According to Takeo Rivera, a doctoral candidate at UC Berkeley, the model minority myth has myriad effects.

One being that even though it’s positive, it also “produces the conditions for dehumanization and violence, and with de-individuation comes the sense that such lives are less capable of feeling, and of grief.”

Which is one reason we always hear about the American lives lost during the Vietnam War, but never about the millions of Southeast Asian civilians who died in the same conflict.

The model minority myth enables America to justify our dehumanization, institutional exclusion, and low levels of upward social mobility.
5. We Fight Racism

We live in a world committed to making Asian Americans seem foreign and exceptional. One that uses Tiger Moms and Confucianism to sweep racism against us and other communities of color under the rug.

But we are victims of American racism. Most importantly, we are freedom fighters.

Asians have historically been at the forefront of decolonial, educational, and cultural movements. We owe Asian American Studies programs, an ongoing literary legacy and voting rights to Asian Americans working toward social justice.

Asian Americans can claim the Third World Liberation Front, the Kearny Street Workshop, Caaav, 18 Million Rising, EBAYC and Viet Unity as the fruit of our labors for a racially just world.

And our movements are dope.

In his seminal book, Rethinking the Asian American Movement, Daryl Maeda points to a few important factors that differentiated our racial justice efforts in the 1960’s.

Asian American political campaigns at the height of the civil rights movement were always coalitionary, or working in solidarity with other communities of color.

Moreover, they had significant female leadership. They were guided by powerful women like Pat Sumi, Evelyn Yoshimura, Carmen Chow, Wilma Chan and of course Yuri Kochiyama and Grace Lee Boggs

Resistance is in our history. It is in our blood.

***

When I first got to college, I dated only white men. I abandoned “stinky” Asian food and I hung out with people named ‘Drew’ and ‘Megan.’

I wanted — desperately — to be the same, to be white. It was easier to project internalized racism than come to grips with its divisive reality.

My journey toward political consciousness began with two simple steps.

First, I recognized we live within white supremacy that seeks to hide our racial difference.

Second, I committed myself forever to divesting from that system, because liberation is not the product of complicity and ignorance.

Although I occasionally falter and sometimes outright fail, I continue to try.

Because I know that for us Asian Americans equality will not be the result of assimilation. Emancipation will be borne of acknowledging and fighting for our fundamental difference.

Kim Tran is a Contributing Writer for Everyday Feminism. She’s also a collective member of Third Woman Press: Queer and Feminist of Color publishing. Her academic and activist commitments are to laborers, refugee and queer communities. She facilitates workshops on uprooting anti-black racism in Asian American communities. She is finishing her Ph.D in Ethnic Studies at UC Berkeley where writes on race, gender and economics. Her work has been featured on Black Girl Dangerous, Nation of Change and the Feminist Wire. She can be found in any of these capacities at www.kimthientran.com.

Saturday, March 4, 2017

Decolonizing Solidarity: Dilemmas and Directions for Supporters of Indigenous Struggles by Clare Land — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists

Goodreads | Decolonizing Solidarity: Dilemmas and Directions for Supporters of Indigenous Struggles by Clare Land — Reviews, Discussion, Bookclubs, Lists

Malcolm rated it it was amazing

Shelves: first-nations, sociology, activism

For many of us who try to pay attention to developments in social and political theory, one of the most interesting strands to emerge in recent years is the notion of intersectionality, in part, the idea that we may have many different ways of being (relationship specific identities, for want of a better description) all of which are always present in any action we take. Intersectionality is a way past ‘choosing’ or emphasising one way of being in favour of the more complex messy lives that we live and ways that we exist in the world. As interesting as this emerging discussion is (and it is really intriguing, as well as very valuable), I have been much more interested in the parallel recent discussion of the meaning of solidarity. That of course might well be because I am a fairly well off, White, middle aged bloke with a fair amount of cultural capital (academic, a couple of post graduate degrees, fairly well paid and so forth), where my principal political work centres on support for workers and indigenous, anti-colonial struggles, shaped by an outlook that sees the most oppressed as the best suited to lead those struggles. So, as far from the most oppressed, the politics of solidarity are important to my political and my academic work.


Clare Land’s Decolonizing Solidarity is a very important contribution to that understanding, and is essential reading for solidarity movement activists working alongside and with other people’s struggles. Land has many years’ experience working in and with indigenous peoples in south-east Australia, and brought that experience to her scholarly work that provides part of the base for this book. Other aspects of the base include her ongoing activist work, advice and input from those she seeks to support, and interviews and discussions with other solidarity activists: there is a multitude of voices invoked in the investigation, voices that are essential to understand the multiplicity of forms and types of solidarity.


Alongside the significance of ‘solidarity’ in the title, ‘decolonizing’ in some ways presents a bigger challenge. For many, an especially those of us with a degree of privilege, there is a recognition of the importance of ‘diversity’ – we seek diverse social networks and communities; in schools we set out to diversify the curriculum; in healthcare we seek culturally sensitive forms of service provision. The list goes on. For many post- and anti-colonial/imperial activists and analysts however the goal is not liberal diversification but a more profound decolonization – where we recognize, act on and overturn the historical colonial relations and attitudes and outlooks that flow from them, disrupting and reforming ways of being and understanding. It is a more abstract concept, but for me it often comes back to book title by an Indian historian – a collection of essays by Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe . Now, if Europe is one of many global provinces, and not the ‘centre of the world’ its cultural significance becomes different, as do the views of the world and the people in that world spawned and sustained by/sustaining European cultural power.


In solidarity movements and activism, this question of decolonization presents a specific challenge, centred on the politics of who gets to choose and who gets to determine what are the goals, forms and shapes of the struggles question. In indigenous solidarity this often takes a more challenging aspect, where those indigenous struggles relate directly to the life-world and circumstances of non-indigenous, newcomers many of whom are engaging in solidarity activism: to step back, to allow indigenous peoples to lead and shape those struggles when they directly affect the everyday life of non-indigenous supporters is a big ask, and brings this issue of decolonization right home into the banality of the everyday.


It is this challenge that is at the core of this book and that sees Land explore demanding issues, such as complicity in colonial oppression and relations, the challenges of labelling and identity categories – both indigenous and non-indigenous, the meanings and significance of collaboration, dialogue and friendship. A vital element of her exploration is the self-understanding of solidarity activists and what it means to act in a self-aware manner, to know how, where and with what effect that self-awareness influences, shapes and determines (or at least powerfully influences) political action. All this means that the moral and political framework she develops for solidarity activism includes difficult questions about motivation (and a clear critique of the desire to ‘help’ – this is a question of decolonization, after all). Much of the discussion is not as stark as this may sound – ‘dilemma’ is a recurring notion in her analysis and exploration, especially the dilemmas involved in de- and re-constructing issues, interests and consequently power dynamics. While this might sound big and demanding, Land has a light touch: she deals with specificities and lets her activists’ drive the discussions making excellent use of their own words.


Not surprisingly, she sees the most promising outlook and approach as being rooted in a motivation that is “trying to undo the system that does oppressive work on all/most of us, but most particularly and obviously along the axis of Indigeneity” (p215). This driver requires that activists have a clearly articulated theory of colonisation and its effects – it being colonisation that created Indigeneity. This is a marker of the openness of the case being made, a case that solidarity activists stand alongside or behind indigenous peoples, but also that these principles apply also to other forms of solidarity politics. The book concludes not with a discussion of Indigeneity but of solidarity with international development struggles, refugee groups, anti-colonial activism (focussing on pro-Palestinian activism) and LGBTQI support activism. That is to say, decolonizing solidarity with indigenous struggles should also reshape other forms of solidarity.


The importance of this book is two-fold. First, it demands that we reconceptualise how we do solidarity activism and our understanding of indigenous struggles (it sits for alongside and complements Linda Tuhiwai Smith’s Decolonising Methodologies and Max Haiven and Alex Khasnabish’s The Radical Imagination: Social movement research in the age of austerity in doing so). Second, takes us deep into solidarity activism in a specific context, using insider activist voices from both the solidarity and indigenous activists – and uses that context and those voices in such a way that the integrity of that specificity is retained but also that we are able to transfer the case to other settings, both indigenous and non-indigenous struggles. This is essential reading for solidarity activists and vital if we are to develop ways to develop effective and meaningful affinity politics in the context of these developing intersectional analyses and an increasingly hostile global élite desperate to defend their power, and its sources.